TUBIFERA 231 



Sporangia sessile, flattened, closely clustered into a pseudo-aethalium, 

 rarely scattered; capillitium of slender branching threads with 

 expanded nodes 3. Liceopsis 



1. Tubifera Gmelin 

 Syst. Nat. 2 : 1472. 1791. 

 1794. Tubulina Pers., Roemer N. Mag. Bot. 1 : 91. 



Sporangia tubular, by mutual pressure more or less prismatic, con- 

 nate, pale ferruginous brown, iridescent, walls thin, slightly granular, 

 long-persistent; dehiscence apical; hypothallus thick, spongy, white 

 or whitish; spore-mass ferruginous. 



This genus is easily recognized by the tubular sporangia, destitute 

 of capillitial threads, seated upon a strongly developed hypothallus. 

 The synonymy of the case is somewhat difficult. It is possible that 

 Miiller's Tubulifera ceratum (Fl. Dan., 1775, p. 8) may belong here, 

 but neither the text nor the figures make it certain. Neither he nor 

 Eder, who gives us T. cremor in the same work, had any accurate idea 

 of the objects described. Gmelin 's description of Tubifera is, however, 

 ample, and his citations of Bulliard's plates leave no doubt as to the 

 forms he included. Gmelin writes: "Thecae (membranas expansae 

 superimpositae) inter se connatae, seminibus nudiusculis repletae." Why, 

 in face of so good a description, Persoon changed the name to Tubulina, 

 is not clear. Fries (Syst. Myc. 3 : 195) thinks Muller had an immature 

 Arcyria before him. Tubulifera arachnoidea Jacq., 1778, is also an 

 uncertain quantity, insufficiently described. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TUBIFERA 



a. Pseudocolumellae present in most of the sporangia 3. T. Caspar yi 



a. Pseudocolumellae lacking b 



b. Hypothallus thick, expanded, not columnar 1. T. ferruginosa 



b. Hypothallus stalk-like, columnar 2. T. stipitata 



1. Tubifera ferruginosa {Batsch) Gmelin. 



Syst. Nat. 2 : 1472. 1791. 

 PL XV, Figs. 382, 383. 



1786. Stemonitis ferruginosa Batsch, Elench. Fung. Cont. 1 : 261, fig. 175. 



1791. Sphcerocarpus cylindricus Bull., Champ. 140, pi. 470, fig. 3. 



1791. Sphcerocarpus fragiformis Bull., Champ. 141, pi. 384. 



1791. Tubifera cylindrica (Bull.) Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2 : 1472. 



1791. Tubifera fragiformis (Bull.) Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2 : 1472. 



1794. Tubulina fragiformis (Bull.) Pers., Roemer N. Mag. Bot. 1 : 91. 



1796. Lycoperdon favaceum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2 : 667. 



