Urnula 199 



or split into a number of rays, externally tomentose; asci cylindric 

 or subcylindric, 8-spored; spores ellipsoid to fusoid, hyaline or 

 subhyaline; paraphyses very slender, often branched. 

 Type species, Peziza Craterium Schw. 



Apothecium with a crenate margin, not splitting Geaster- 



like. 1- U. Craterium. 



Apothecium splitting Ceaster-\\k& into rays. 2. U. Geaster. 



1. Urnula Craterium (Schw.) Fries, Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. 

 III. 1: 122. 1851. (Plate 21.) 



Peziza Craterium Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 117. 1822. 

 Cenangium Craterium Fries, Elench. Fung. 2: 21. 1827. 

 Dermea Craterium Schw. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 237. 1832. 

 Peziza adusta Schulz. \'erh. Zool.-Bot. Wien 16: 62. 1866. 

 Craterium microcrater Haszl. X'erh. Zool. Bot. Wien 37: 167. 1887. 

 Scutellinia adusta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3^: 520. 1893. 

 Geopyxis Craterium Rehm in Rab. Krypt.-Fl. 1^: 974. 1896. 

 Plectania adusta Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 164. 1889. 



Apothecia at first closed above, finally opening by a star- 

 shaped aperture which leaves the margin notched and infolded, 

 externally black or brownish-black and clothed with a dense 

 covering of tomentum, reaching a diameter of 3-4 cm. and a 

 depth of 4-6 cm., the substance tough and leathery; hymenium 

 brownish-black, a little paler than the outside of the apothecium ; 

 stem reaching a length of 3-4 cm. and a diameter of 5-8 mm., 

 even or very slightly lacunose near the base, black or brownish- 

 black and attached to the substratum by a dense mass of black 

 mycelium, gradually expanding above into the apothecium; 

 hairs variable in length, thin-walled sparingly septate, flexuous, 

 about 10 IX in diameter and of nearly uniform thickness through- 

 out their entire length ; asci cylindric above, tapering below into 

 a long stem-like base, reaching a length of 600 m and a diameter 

 of 15-17 m; spores 1-seriate, broad-ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, 

 12-14 X 25-35 m; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above, 

 pale-brown. 



On the ground in deciduous woods, attached to buried or 

 partially buried sticks. 



Type locality: North Carolina. 



Distribution: New York to North Dakota, Alabama and 

 Mississippi; also in Europe. 



Illustrations: Bond. Ic. Myc. pi. 341; Bull. Lab. Nat. 

 Hist. State Univ. Iowa 6: pi. 39, f. 2; Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 14: 



