General Features 



293 



Such growths have been found associated with some of the 

 operculate discomycetes. These have been ascribed to several 

 genera of the Fungi Imperfecti, among them the genus Papu- 

 laspora. Many of the "bulbils" have been regarded as minia- 

 ture perithecia or apothecia, but in some this is not the case. 



In 1915 (Science X.S. 41: 173) B. O. Dodge reported a 

 Papulaspora closely associated with Ascobolus magnificus, either 

 as a parasite or as an asexual spore of the Ascobolus. In 1917 

 (Bot. Gaz. 64: 265) J. W. Hotson was unable to prove that what 

 he designated as Papulaspora luagnifica was the asexual stage 

 of Ascobolus magnificus. 



In 1920 (Alycologia 12: 115-134) Dodge proved b\ single- 

 ascospore cultures that Papulaspora magnifica Hotson is not a 

 parasite, but represents the asexual stage of the Ascobolus with 

 which it is associated (FiG. 20). This has been confirmed In- 

 H. C. I. Gwynne-Vaughan and H. S. Williamson (Ann. Bot. 46: 

 653-670. pi. 21-23. 1932). 



Fig. 20. Papulaspora stage of Ascobolus magnificus Dodge. 

 Drawn from photographs by Dodge. 



OlDIUM 



Oidia have been reported in a nimiber of species of Ascobolus, 

 among them A. stercorarius . In this connection E. S. Dowding 

 (Ann. Bot. 45: 627. 1931) states: "In A. stercorarius oidia are 

 constantly and abundantly produced by all mycelia of monospo- 

 rous origin, and they continue to be produced by two m\'celia of 

 opposite sex which have been mated. 



"A mycelium which is about to produce oidia gives rise to a 

 number of relatively slender aerial hyphae which grow out per- 



