MONILINIA 51 



Conidiophores commonly arising from a well-developed ecto- 

 stroma which ruptures the epidermis of the host, ash-gray or 

 dark-olivaceous, producing simple, or branched conidial chains; 

 conidia ellipsoid, elongate-ellipsoid, or rarely spherical, developed 

 in chains, hyaline, or light-colored; microconidia present small, 

 spherical, hyaline on short-clavate conidiophores. 



Apothecia occurring in considerable numbers from a mummi- 

 fied fruit, stipitate, shallow cup-shaped, or nearly plane at 

 maturity, reaching a diameter of 1-1.5 cm., pale-brown; In- 

 menium usually concave, darker than the outside of the apo- 

 thecium; stem of variable length but often reaching 2-3 cm.; 

 asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores ellipsoid, containing one 

 or more oil-drops, 3-3.5 X 6-7 /x, hyaline or slightly colored; 

 paraphyses simple, or branched near their bases. 



On overwintering orchard fruits. 



Type locality: Europe. 



Distribution: Eastern North America; also in pAirope. 



Illustrations: Mycologia 20: 149, /. 1-2; 154, /. 3-4; pi. 

 17-19; 37: 671,/. 8-10; Phytopathology 32: 635,/. 1. 



The cause of brown-rot of fruits throughout Eastern North 

 America. Not to be confused with Sclerolinia fructigena (Pers.) 

 Schrot. of Europe, with which it was at first thought to be 

 identical. 



2. Monilinia laxa (Ehrenb.) Honey, Am. Jour. Bot. 23: 105. 

 1936. 



Oidiiim laxum Ehrenberg, Sylvae Myc. Ber. 22. 1818. 



Acarosporium laxum Pers. M\c. Eu. 1: 25. 1822. 



Oospora laxa Wallr. in Bluff & King. Fl. -Crypt. Ger. 4: 183. 1883. 



Monilia cinerea Bonord. Handbk. Myk. 76. 1851. 



Monilia laxa Sacc. & Vogl.; Sacc. Syll. Fung. 4: 35. 1886. 



Sclerotinia cinerea Schrot. in C'ohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schles 3-: 67. 1893. 



Sclerotinia laxa Aderh. & Ruhl, Gesundheits Arbeit. Land.-Forstw. Berlin 4: 



437. 1905. (Citation from Whetzel.) 

 Sclerotinia cinerea Schrot.; Wormaid, Ann. Bot. 35: 134. 1920. (in part.) 

 Stromallnia laxa Chifilot. Ann. Ephip. 7: 317. 1921. 

 Monilia oregonensis Barss & Posey; Barss, Oregon E.xp. .Sta. Cir. 53: 5. 1923. 



Conidial stage consists of a Monilia of the cinerea type; 

 conidia 9-15 X 12-23 /x- 



Apothecia springing from a mummified fruit, usually several 

 from the same stroma, stipitate, at first clavate, expanding and 

 becoming cup-shaped, finally nearly plane with an umbilicate 

 center, reaching a diameter of 4-9 mm., gray, or almost white; 



