126 The North American Cup-Fungi 



Distribution : New York and Ohio. 

 Illustrations: Mycologia 37: 268, f. 1. 



This species has been sent in several times for determination. 

 As the name signifies it looks like a miniature Cudonia. 



16. Helotium virgultorum (Vahl.) Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 

 355. 1849. (Plate 104, Fig. 1.) 



Peziza virgultorum Vahl. Fl. Dan. 17: 10. 1790. 

 Hymenoscypha virgultorum Phill. Brit. Discom. 134. 1887. 

 Phialea virgultorum Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 266. 1889. 



Apothecia gregarious, stipitate, at first closed, expanding 

 and becoming shallow cup-shaped to patellate, or occasionally 

 even convex, reaching a diameter of 1-3 mm., whitish to pale- 

 yellowish; hymenium usually concave, bright-yellow; stem 

 cylindric, two to three times as long as the diameter of the 

 apothecium, whitish, or yellowish; asci clavate, reaching a length 

 of 100-120 n and a diameter of 9-10 jx, 8-spored; spores partially 

 2-seriate, fusoid, or subclavate, usually containing two oil-drops 

 with several smaller ones, 4-5 X 15-20 ^l, occasionally spuriously 

 septate; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged above. 



On partially buried sticks and roots. 



Type locality: Europe. 



Distribution: Toronto to Colorado, Washington, and Cali- 

 fornia; also in Europe. 



Illustrations: Fl. Dan. pi. 1016, f. 2. 



Excellent material collected in Colorado on roots of Alnus has 

 been studied and is the basis of the illustrations shown in this 

 work. The distribution is difficult to determine since this 

 species has been confused with two others which arc here re- 

 garded as distinct, Helotium frudigentim and Helotium Scutula. 



17. Helotium fumosellum (Cooke & Ellis) Seaver, comb. nov. 



Peziza fumosella Cooke & Ellis, Grevillea 6: 91. 1878. 



Phialea fumoseUa Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 269. 1889. 



Allophylaria fumosella Nannf. Nova Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. IV. 8: 291. 1932. 



Apothecia minute, stipitate, fumose, at first clavate, then 

 expanding, becoming cyathiform, .25-. 7 mm. in diameter and .5 

 mm. high; hymenium pallid; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; 

 spores elongated, straight, or curved, 10 /x long. 



On fir leaves, Abies, accompanying Hymenula fumosa which 

 may be its conidial stage. 



