802 



PHYLUM CHORDATA : CLASS MAMMALIA 



mouth and conducting the sahvary juice, whose ferment 

 alters the starchy parts of the food, are the ducts of four 

 pairs of sahvary glands. The parotid, which is largest, 

 lies between the external ear-chamber and the angle 

 of the mandible ; the infra-orbital lies below and in 

 front of the eye ; the submaxillary lies between the angles 

 of the mandible ; the small sublinguals lie along the inner 

 side of each ramus of the mandible. 



The pharynx passes into the gullet, and that leads through 

 the diaphragm to the expanded stomach, which is dilated 

 at its upper or cardiac end, and narrows to the curved 

 pyloric end. Partly covering the stomach is the large liver. 



The first portion of the in- 

 testine, which is called the 

 duodenum, receives the bile 

 duct, and has the pancreas in 

 its folds. Then follows the 

 much-coiled small intestine, 

 measuring many feet in length. 

 It should be noted that, in 

 adaptation to the more slowly 

 digestible food and the larger 

 amount of indigestible residue, 

 the intestine of herbivorous 

 s.i., smau intestine ; sr., , saccuius mammals is relatively longer 



rotundus ; col., sacculated colon ; i i r • 



c, cscum; v.a.. vermiform than that oi camivorous typcs. 



^pp^^'i^^- The lower end of the small 



intestine is expanded into a 

 saccuius rotundus. Here the large caecum — a blind 

 diverticulum — is given off ; it ends in a finger-like 

 vermiform appendix. Its proximal end is continuous 

 with the colon or first part of the large intestine, the 

 beginning of which is much sacculated. The large in- 

 testine narrows into the long rectum, in which lie little 

 faecal pellets. On the last two inches of the rectum there 

 are paired yellowish glands. Beside the anus are two bare 

 patches of skin, with the openings of the ducts of the 

 perineal glands, whose secretion has a characteristic and 

 strong odour. 



The liver is attached to the diaphragm by a fold of peri- 

 toneum — the glistening membrane which lines the abdomi- 



FiG. 482. — Diagram of 

 caecum in rabbit. 



