PANGOLINS 845 



submaxillary glands are large. The stomach is simple. The 

 uterus is simple ; the placenta is discoidal and deciduate, 

 except in Dasypus. 



Examples. — Dasypus, Chlamydophorus, Tatusia. 

 5. Glyptodontidae — extinct Pleistocene types, mostly S. American, 

 but represented in Mexico and Texas. The body was often 

 huge, and was covered by a solid carapace of great strength. 



Order Nomarthra 



1. Manidffl — the Ethiopian and Oriental Pangohns, covered dorsally 



with overlapping horny scales. They are terrestrial, burrow- 

 ing animals, but sometimes climb trees. They usually feed 

 on termites. Teeth are rudimentary, the tongue is long 

 and protrusible. The uterus is bicornuate ; the placenta 

 diffuse and indeciduate. There is one extant genus, Manis. 



2. Orycteropodidas — the Ethiopian Aard-varks, represented by two 



species of Orycteropus, ranging from S. Africa to Egypt. They 

 are shy, nocturnal animals, Uving in burrows, feeding on 

 termites. There are numerous complex teeth, differing in 

 structure from those of any other known Mammal. The 

 skin bears scanty bristles. The mouth is tubular, and the 

 tongue is narrow and protrusible. The digits bear nails 

 suited for digging. The uterus is bicornuate, the placenta 

 broadly zonary. The relation to the other Edentates, or, 

 indeed, to other Mammals, is uncertain. 



Order Sirenia. Sea-Cows 



A small decadent order of sluggish, aquatic, vegetarian 

 Mammals, in no direct way connected with Cetaceans, to 

 which they have some superficial resemblance (con- 

 vergence). There are two living genera — Halicore 

 (Dugong) and Manatus (Manatee), and one was recently 

 exterminated {Rhytina). 



The Sirenia are sluggish, with massive heavy bones, a 

 plump body, some oil, and sparse hair on the thick tough 

 skin. In adaptation to aquatic life, they have a fish-like 

 form, a powerful tail with a " caudal fin," no external trace 

 of hind-limbs, flipper-like fore-limbs, no external ear, 

 valved nostrils at the end of the snout, networks (retia 

 mirabilia) in the arteries (useful in prolonged immersion). 

 They are herbivorous, feeding on algae and estuarine 

 plants ; and, like others of similar habit, have a chambered 

 stomach, a long intestine, and a caecum. 



They are primitive, and with this fact may be associated 



