HYRAXES 857 



but the upper milk canine sometimes persists ; and there 

 is a wide space between incisors and premolars. The back 

 teeth are very uniform, and like those of Perissodactyla. 



The milk dentition is — , the permanent is — -. Hyrax is 



one of the few Mammals in which the first premolar is a 

 replacing tooth. The jugal forms part of the glenoid 

 cavity (cf. Marsupials). 



In the fore-feet the thumb is rudimentary, the little 

 finger is smaller than the median three, which are almost 

 equal. In the hind-feet, which are like miniatures of 

 those of the rhinoceros, the hallux is absent, and the 

 fifth toe is rudimentary. There are no hoofs in the 

 strict sense. There are no clavicles. The tail is very 

 short. 



The brain is like that of Ungulates. The stomach is 

 divided into two parts by a constriction. In addition to 

 the short but broad caecum, there are two supplemental 

 caeca lower down on the intestine. The testes are abdo- 

 minal. Of the mammae, four are on the groin and two 

 are axillary. The placenta is zonary, as in the Probos- 

 cidea and Carnivora. A few extinct forms are known. 



Sub-Order Proboscidea 



The sub-order is now represented by two species of 

 elephant (Elephas). They occupy a somewhat isolated 

 position, though distinctly Ungulates. As regards skull, 

 proboscis, and teeth, they are highly specialised, but their 

 limbs are of a generalised type. 



The elephants are confined to the Ethiopian and Oriental 

 regions. They feed on leaves, young branches, and 

 herbage. By means of the mobile- proboscis they gather 

 their food, and they drink by filling the proboscis and 

 then ejecting the water into the mouth. 



The proboscis is a muscular extension of the nose, and 

 bears the nostrils at its tip. The skin is strong, and the 

 hair somewhat scanty. 



In the limbs, radius and ulna, tibia and fibula, are 

 quite distinct ; the radius and ulna are fixed in a crossed 

 position ; owing to the length of the humerus, and yet 



