OLD WORLD MONKEYS 885 



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Examples. — The howling monkeys {Myceles or Alouata), with 

 diverticula fnMU the larynx and enormously dilated hyc^id, 

 protected by the expanded mandibles; the sakis {Pithecia), 

 with very long non-prehensile tail ; the spider-monkey (A teles), 

 with exceedingly prehensile tail and a thumbless hand ; the 

 capuchins (Cebus), often imported into Europe. 



Family 3. Cercopithecid^ (= Cynomorph Catarrhina). 



Old World Monkeys 



The Old World monkeys are plantigrade quadrupeds, 

 and the snout or muzzle often justifies the term Cynomorph 

 or dog-like. Besides the general Catarrhine characters, 

 the following are noteworthy : The sternum is long and 

 narrow ; there are 19-20 dorso-lumbar vertebrae ; the 

 foramen magnum is directed backwards ; the arms are 

 shorter than the legs ; the hairs of the arm are all directed 

 towards the hand ; the skin forms callosities, often brightly 

 coloured over the ischia ; there are usually cheek-pouches ; 

 the caecum is conical and without a vermiform appendix. 



In the sub-family Cercopithecina) there are cheek-pouches, the 

 stomach is simple, and the fore- and hind-limbs are almost equal. 



Examples. — The African baboons {Cynocephalus or Papio), e.g. the 



mandrill (C. maimon), notable for the bright colours of the 



face and hips in the adult males ; the macaques {Macacus), all 



Asiatic except the tailless Barbary ape (M . inuus) of N. Africa 



and Gibraltar ; the x\frican Ccrcopithecus. 



In the sub-family Semnopithecinaj there are no cheek-pouches, the 



stomach is sacculated in a complex fashion, and the hind-limbs are 



longer than the fore-limbs. 



Examples. — The sacred Indian apes {Semnopithecus), the African 

 Colohus, and the proboscis monkey (Nasalis) of Borneo. 



Family 4. ANXHROPOMORPHiDiE or Simiid^ (= Anthropo- 

 morph Catarrhina). Anthropoid Apes 



This family includes the Gibbons (Hylobates), the Orang 

 (Stmta)y the Chimpanzees {Anthropopithecus), and the 

 Gorilla (Gorilla). As they are most like man, they are called 

 Anthropoid. 



Along with the general Catarrhine characters the follow- 

 ing are noteworthy : The sternum^is short and broad ; 

 there are 16-18 dorso-lumbar vertebrae ; the arms are 

 longer than the legs ; the hairs of the upper arm are 



