ANTHROPOID APES 



889 



support the heavy skull. There are thirteen ribs, and seventeen 



dorso-lumbar vertebrae. There is no os centrale in the carpus. They 



Uve in families in the forest, 



and feed on fruits. As regards 



size, the gorillas are most like 



man. The males are much 



larger than the females. 



The Chimpanzees {Anthropo- 

 pithecus) live in Western and 

 Central Equatorial Africa. They 

 do not exceed a height of 5 ft. 

 The arms reach a little below 

 the knee. They walk on the 

 backs of their closed hands and 

 on their soles or closed toes. 

 The skull has no high crests. 

 The supra-orbital ridges are dis- 

 tinct. The canines are smaller 

 than in gorilla or orang. There 

 is no centrale in the carpus. 

 There are vocal sacs. The 

 chimpanzees live in families in 

 the forest, and are chiefly 

 arboreal, making nests in trees. 

 They seem to feed on fruits. 

 In the sigmoid curvature of the 

 vertebral column the chim- 

 panzees are most Uke man. 



In connection with the an- 

 thropoid apes may be noticed 

 Pithecanthropus erectus, a new 

 genus erected by Dubois from the 

 top of a skull, some teeth, and a 

 femur found in fossilised state in 

 Java, and beheved to represent 

 a form intermediate between 

 man and the Anthropoid apes. 



Family 5. Hominid^. 

 Genus Homo 



The distinctiveness of 

 man from his nearest alHes 

 depends on his power of 

 building up ideas and of 

 guiding his conduct by 

 ideals. But there are some 

 structural peculiarities of 

 interest. 



Fig. 524. — Skeleton of male gorilla. 



CL, Clavicle ; sc, tip of scapula ; S., 

 presternum ; H., humerus ; r., radius ; 

 u., ulna ; //., ilium ; C, coccyx ; P., 

 pubis ; Is., ischium ; F., femur ; t., 

 tibia ; /., fibula. 



