TEST QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS 925 



129. Explain some of the adaptations of Cetaceans to aquatic life. 



130. Contrast a bat's pectoral girdle and fore-limb with a bird's. 



131. In what important respects do the Monotremes differ from other 

 Mammals ? 



132. Explain, with the aid of a diagram, what is meant by chewing 



the cud. 



T33. Explain briefly what is meant by the following : — A polar body, 

 a chalaza. a spiral valve, a mermaid's purse, a moth's cocoon, a spider's 

 cocoon. 



134. Describe four quite different ways in which a mother animal 

 may secure the early nutrition of the offspring. [A blow-fly lays its 

 egg in flesh, which the maggots devour ; a Sphex wasp makes a store 

 of paralysed insects which it places beside its eggs ; a pigeon injects 

 into its squab's mouth the pigeon's milk that results from a fatty 

 degeneration of the walls of the crop ; a kangaroo forces milk down 

 the throat of its offspring in the pouch or marsupium.] 



135. Four times at least in the course of organic evolution the problem 

 of true flight has been solved by animals. Mention these true flyers and 

 contrast the various solutions. [Insects, Pterodactyls, Birds, and Bats. ] 



136. Give an account of the year's life of one of the following 

 animals :— Humble-bee {Bonibus), hive-bee, frog, slow-worm, swallow, 

 hedgehog. 



137. Give a classified list of twelve common animals that you would 

 expect to find in a typical pond, or in a seashore pool. 



138. Give a short account of the functions of the hver in a backboned 

 animal. 



139. Explain the terms hermaphroditism, autogamy, dichogamy, 



inbreeding, hybridism. 



140. Explain the terms embryo, larva, foetus, oviparous, viviparous. 



141. Explain what is meant by warm-blooded and cold-blooded. 

 Which animals are warm-blooded ? 



142. Explain what is meant by a reflex action. 



143. Discuss the mode of respiration in the following animals : — 

 Jellyfish, starfish, crayfish, garden spider, and black slug. 



144. Explain how the elimination or excretion of nitrogenous waste- 

 products is effected in the following : — Earthworm, lobster, cockroach, 

 mussel, snail, and lancelet. 



145. Explain why it is that like generally tends to beget like. 

 Mention any notable exceptions known to you. 



146. Give a short illustrated account of the structure and develop- 

 ment of the Vertebrate eye (or ear, etc.). 



147. Give a short account of the physiological significance of various 

 pigments in animals. 



148. Explain some of the chief uses of coloration in animals. 



149. To illustrate different solutions of the same problem, describe 

 and contrast the modes of respiration in a series of types, such as 

 hydra, starfish, earthworm, lobworm, crab, spider, insect, mussel, 

 snail, lancelet, fish. 



150. Contrast the outstanding features of the blood in a variety 

 of types, such as earthworm, lobster, cockroach, snail, dogfish, pigeon, 

 camel, and dog. 



