DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION 



325 



large, rigid leaves, and large, brightly colored flowers. Fig. 161 represents a 

 specimen of Achyrophorus quitensis, a plant with well-developed alpine char- 

 acteristics, found at altitudes of from 3000 to 4000 m. in the Andes, from 

 Colombia to Peru. 



Pig. 



162. — Two plants of Betonica officinalis, one grown in the lowland (P) and the other in 

 the mountains (M). (After Bonnier.) 



The experiments of Bonnier 1 have shown that many of the peculiarities of 

 alpine plants are due to the environmental conditions under which they grow. 

 This author raised plants from the same lowland-grown seed in three different 



1 Bonnier, Gaston, Cultures experimentales dans les Alpes et les Pyrenees. Rev. gen. bot. 2: 513-546. 

 1890. Weinzierl, Theodor, Ritter von, Der alpine Versuchsgarten auf der Vorder-Sandlingalpe bei Aussoe, 

 und die daselbst im Jahre 1890 begonnenen Samenkultur- und Futterbauversuche. Landw. Versuchsst. 

 43: 27-126. 1894. 



