106 



PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI 



Table 20. Common Names and Formulas ok Some Alpha-amino Acius Isolated 



FROM Proteins and of Some Amides Found in Plants 

 Monoamine dicarboxylic acids: 



Aspartic acid: HOOC— CH2— CHCNHo)— COOH 



Glutamic acid: HOOC— CHo— CH.— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 Amides of monoamino dicarboxylic acids: 



Asparagine : 

 Glutamine: 

 Basic amino acids: 

 Argiiiine*: 

 Lysine*: 

 Histidine * : 



NH2OC— CH2— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 NH2OC— CH2— CH,— CH(NH2)— COOH 



NHo— C(=NH)— NH— CHo— CH2— CH2— CH(NH2)- 

 NH2— CH2— CH2— CH2— CH2— CHCNH,)— COOH 

 CH 



-COOH 



N 



^ 



NH 



CH===C— CH2— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 Monoamino monocarboxylic acids: 



Glycine: 

 Alanine : 

 Valine * : 

 Leucine*: 

 Isoleucine*: 

 Phenylalanine * : 

 Serine : 

 Threonine*: 



Tryptophane '* 



Tryosine : 



CHoCNH.)— COOH 

 CH3— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 (CH 3) 2— CH— CH (NHo)— COOH 

 (CH3)2— CH— CH2— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 CH3— CH2— CH(CH3)— CHCNH.)— COOH 

 CeHs- CHo— CH (NH2)— COOH 

 CH2(0H)— CH(NH2)— COOH 

 CH3— CH(OH)— CH(NH2)— COOH 



C— CH2— CH(NH2)— COOH 



CH 



NH 



HO^^^ 

 CH2— CH 



\ 



CH2— CH(NH2)— COOH 



Proline: 



CH2 CH— COOH 



NH 

 CHOH 



-CH2 



Hydroxy proline: CHo CH— COOH 



NH 

 Sulfur-containing amino acids: 



Cysteine: CHsCSH)— CHCNHo)- COOH 



Cystine: HOOC— CH(NH2)— CH2— S— S— CH2— CHCNHa)- COOH 



Methionine*: CH2(SCH3)CH2— CHCNH.)- COOH 



* The 10 amino acids reported by Rose (1938) as essential for the nutrition of the white rat. 



Physiological specificity extends to the configuration as well as the 

 composition of the molecule. Optical isomers (enantiomorphs) usually 

 have different physiological properties. A mixture of amino acids may or 

 may not be utilized better than a single amino acid. The effect of one 

 amino acid on the utilization of another varies with the amino acids 



