180 



PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI 



Ophiobolus graminis are highly or totally deficient for both thiamine and 

 biotin. Partial deficiencies for both thiamine and biotin are illustrated 

 by Lambertella pruni (Fig. 36). Slight growth in the control and excellent 

 growth only in media containing both thiamine and biotin identify the 

 deficiencies. Intermediate growth in thiamine alone and in biotin alone 

 shows that the deficiencies are partial. The synthetic capacity is rela- 

 tively greater for biotin than for thiamine. The deficiencies of Endothia 

 parasitica are similar to those of L. pruni. Blastodadia pringsheimii was 

 30 



-^ 20 

 E 

 o> 



E 

 ^^ 



4* 



.5* 



i 



A 10 







0.002 



0.015 



0.005 0.01 



Micrograms per 75 cc. 



Fig. 37. The effect of concentration of essential vitamins on dry weight of Blasto- 

 dadia pringsheimii. (Courtesy of Cantino, Am. Jour. Botany 35: 241, 1948.) 



reported (Cantino, 1948) to be partially deficient for thiamine and biotin 

 and nearly totally deficient for nicotinic acid (Fig. 37). Cerotostomella 

 ips No. 255 was shown to be completely deficient for thiamine, biotin, and 

 pyridoxine (Ptobbins and Ma, 1942a). 



Multiple vitamin deficiencies are more common among the yeasts than 

 among the filamentous fungi, and some yeasts show deficiencies not 

 known to exist in filamentous fungi isolated from nature. For these 

 reasons the yeasts as a group have received much attention in vitamin 

 investigations. The vitamin requirements of 38 species and strains of 

 yeast were reported by Burkholder (1943), and for 110 additional named 

 species and varieties by Burkholder et at. (1944). A summary of the 

 deficiencies reported in these two papers is as follows: biotin, 114; thia- 

 mine, 48; pantothenic acid, 44; inositol, 19; nicotinic acid, 19; pyridoxine, 

 19. No deficiency for riboflavin was found. Several isolates were 

 deficient for three or more vitamins. Saccharomyces oviformis was 

 deficient for biotin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine, while S. mace- 

 doniensis Y-91 showed complete or partial deficiencies for thiamine, 



