METABOLIC PRODUCTS 



287 



tested were antagonistic to four test human pathogens, Candida albicans, 

 Cryptococciis neoformans, Trichophyton gypseum, and T. rubrum. 



Table 50. Antibiotics Produced by Soil-inhabiting Actinomycetes and Fungi 

 (Brian, Cheni. Industry 1949. Published by permission of the Society of Chemical 



Industry.) 



Organism 



Streptomyces griseus 



Nocardia gardneri 

 Actinomyces lavendulae 



Proactinomyces cyaneus 



Streptomyces venezuelae 



Aspergillus jlavus 



A. terreus 



Fusarium orthoceras 



Penicillium brevi-compactum 



P. chrysogenum 



P. griseofulvum 

 P. janczewiskii 

 P. patulum 



Trichoderma viride 



Antibiotic 



Grisein 



Actidione 

 Streptomycin 



Proactinomycin 

 Streptothricin 



Litmocidin 



Chloromycetin 



Aspergillic acid 



Citrinin 



Enniatin B 



Mycophenolic acid 



Penicillin 



Griseofulvin 

 Griseofulvin 

 Patulin 



Gliotoxin 

 Viridin 



Properties 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative) ; antirickettsial ; not 

 antifungal 



Not antibacterial; antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative and acid fast) 



Antibacterial (Gram positive) 



Antibacterial (Gram positive) ; 

 antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative) 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative); not antifungal; anti- 

 rickettsial 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative); antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative); antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 acid fast) ; not antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative); antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive) ; not 

 antifungal 



Not antibacterial; antifungal 



Not antibacterial; antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative) ; antifungal 



Antibacterial (Gram positive and 

 negative and acid fast) ; anti- 

 fungal 



Not antibacterial; antifungal 



A list of antibiotics produced by some soil-inhabiting actinomycetes 

 and fungi is given in Table 50. Note that some organisms produce more 

 than one antibiotic and that the same antibiotic substance may be pro- 

 duced by more than one species. Organisms differ in susceptibility to 

 antibiotics. This range of effectiveness is frequently called the antibioHc 

 spectrum. Thus, Penicillum luteum-purpurogenum is some 12 thousand 

 times as sensitive to gliotoxin as to streptomycin. Not all fungi are 

 equally inhibited by the same concentration of an antibiotic; some 11 



