94 



PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION 



This is shown by Wagner's experiments 1 with oats (Fig. 58). Three culture 

 vessels received equal amounts of phosphoric acid (0.5 g.) as pulverized Thomas 

 slag; but different kinds of slag were used, showing different solubilities of their 

 phosphates in ammonium citrate solution. The fourth vessel received twice 

 as much phosphoric acid (1.0 g.), in the form of pulverized phosphate rock 

 (phosphorite), and the fifth received no phosphorus fertilizer at all. The fol- 

 lowing table shows the effects of these fertilizers upon the growth of the plants. 



Culture 

 No. 



1 

 2 



3 



4 

 5 



Phosphoric 

 Acid Added 



grams 

 0.5 

 0.5 



1 .0 



Kind of 

 Fertilizer 



Thomas slag 

 Thomas slag 

 Thomas slag 

 Phosphorite . 

 No fertilizer. 



Solubility in 



Ammonium 



Citrate 



per cent. 

 65 

 39 

 36 



Yield 



Gain Due to 

 Fertilizer 



per cent. 



272.7 



162.9 



137.1 



15.0 



This experiment shows very clearly how fertilizers may differ in quality. 

 Although the fourth culture contained more phosphoric acid than any of the 

 others, its yield exceeded that of the unfertilized plants by only about 15 g. ; 

 the plants could not assimilate this particular phosphorus compound. It 

 appears that the greater the amount of phosphorus compounds that can be 

 dissolved out of the fertilizer by ammonium citrate solution, the better can the 

 fertilizer be utilized by the plant and the greater is the yield. 



Not only the properties of the fertilizer, but also the peculiarities of the 

 plants under cultivation must receive attention. The same fertilizer, added to 

 a gTven soil, may be beneficial to one plant and entirely useless to another. In 

 Prianishnikov's experiments, 2 for instance, various plants were cultivated in 

 sand supplied with the necessary nutrient salts. In one series of experiments 

 phosphorus was supplied as mono-sodium phosphate (NaEUPOO, in the other 

 as phosphate rock (phosphorite), which contains calcium phosphate, calcium 

 carbonate, sand, loam, iron oxide, and aluminium. Millet grown in these two 

 media gave a yield of 29.07 g. with the soluble phosphate and one of only 0.57 g. 

 with phosphate rock (Fig. 59). Millet and other grains either cannot utilize 

 phosphorite in sand cultures at all, or else they can utilize it only to a very slight 

 degree. The Papilionaceag (peas, beans, etc.), however, show an entirely dif- 

 ferent behavior toward phosphate fertilizers. Scarcely any difference can be 

 discovered between pea cultures supplied with soluble phosphates and those 

 supplied with phosphorite (Fig. 59). 



The value of phosphate rock as a fertilizer depends not only upon the nature 



1 Wagner, Paul, Dungungsfragen unter Beriicksichtigung neuer Forschungsergebnisse. Heft III. 

 56 p. Berlin, 1896. 



2 Prianishnikov, D. N., 1st die Phosphorsaure der Mineralphosphate der Kulturpflanzen zuganglich? 

 [Russian, with German abstract.] Ann. Inst. Agron. Moscou 5 (Partie non officielle): 90-110. 1899. 



