SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 8i 



nantl}', if not almost entirely to one system. The buffering of lemon juice, 

 for example, can be accounted for almost entirely in terms of the citrate 

 buffer system. More commonly, however, a number of different buffer sys- 

 tems are present in a single cell. 



Discussion Questions 



1. How would you undertake to determine the number of plant cells in a leaf? 



2. What are some of the distinctive differences between plant and animal cells? 



3. List some of the phenomena characteristic of colloidal systems which occur 



in plant cells, citing specific examples. 



4. Describe a living green plant cell from the physiological point of view. How 



will such a description differ from a morphological description of the same 

 cell? 



5. How would you undertake to determine whether the interior of a given plant 



cell was occupied by a central vacuole or largely by a mass of protoplasm? 



6. Each one of a series of similar plant cells is immersed in a buffer solution 



of different pH, the solutions used covering a range of pH 4.0 to pH 8.0. 

 What will be the effect on the pH of the cell sap of each cell? on the 

 cytoplasm of each? 



Suggested for Collateral Reading 



Frey-Wyssling, A. Die Stojjausscheidung dcr hohcren Pftanzen. Julius 



Springer. Berlin. 1938. 

 Heilbrunn, L. V. The colloid chemistry of protoplasm. Gebriider Born- 



trager. Berlin. 1928. 

 Lepeschkin, W. W. Kolloidchemie des Protoplasmas. Julius Springer. Berlin. 



1924. 

 Norman, A. G. The biochemistry of cellulose, the polyurofiideSj lignin, etc. 



Oxford Press. Oxford. 1937. 

 Scarth, G. W. and F. E. Lloyd. A71 elementary course in general physiology. 



John Wiley and Sons. New York. 1930. 

 Seifriz, W. Protoplasm. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York. 1936. 

 Sharp, L. W. Introduction to cytology. 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 



New York. 1934. 

 Small, J. Hydrogen-ion concentration i?i plant cells and tissues. Gebriider 



Borntrager. Berlin. 1921. 



Selected Bibliography 



Anderson, D. B. The structure of the icalls of the higher plants. Bot. Rev. 

 i: 52-76. 1935. 



Bailey, I. W. The cambium and its derivative tissues. V. A. reconnaissance 

 of the vacuonie in living cells. Zeitschr. Zellf. Mikr, Anat. 10: 651-682. 

 1930. 



Brauns, F., and H. Hibbert. Studies on lignin. X. The identity and struc- 

 ture of spruce lignins prepared by different methods. Jour. Amer. Chem. 

 Soc. 55: 4720-4727. 1933. 



