l'l..\SMllllll)l'lll)Il.\ 



88 



P. BICAUDATA l-Vldmiin, ISUd. Hull. So.-. Hist. Nut. 

 AfriiiiK- Noril M : ITH. Fip. 1. -'. 



Kcstiiig spores ovoid ami sli<tl\tl_v .spiiullc-.sliapcd, 

 3-3..) fi \ 7 fi. tliin-wallod and brijilit yellow with 

 a firu- attenuated bristle at one or luitli ends; fjernii- 

 nation unknown. I'l.isniodia larjre. Hllinu; liost eell 

 eonipletely. Zoospor,iiii;ia. zoos])ores. and .unoebae 

 unknmvn. 



I'arasitie on /.nxtrra nanii in Mauritania, Iri-neii 

 West Africa, causini; marked swellinu; and sliortcn- 

 ing of tlie internodes. 



Feldman's study and diagnosis of /'. hicaudata 

 were made on material preserved in aleoliol sent by 

 Mur.it from Tanoudert. Mauretania. and many of 

 the developmental stages are thus unknown. Like 

 other members of Vlasmodophora, this s))eeie.s has 

 a marked etfeet on its host. Infected internodes may 

 be two to three times tlie diameter of healthy ones. 

 so that atfected stalks have a characteristic nionilioid 

 appearance whicli is even more striking and accentu- 

 ated than that of D. xcrightii parasitized by P. Di- 

 planthcrac. This hy])ertrophy appears to be due en- 

 tirely to eell enlargement, since division of infected 

 an(i adj.uent he.iltliy cells has not been observed. 

 The enl.irged cells of infected internodes are undif- 

 ferentiated and meristematic. so that the galls pro- 

 duced by the parasite are typically kataplasmic. 



The parasite is confined to the cortical and epi- 

 dermal cells and does not infect the vascular bun- 

 dles. In infected stalks, however, the latter tissue 

 may be twice its normal diameter, due perhaps to 

 reduction in longitudinal growtli. Infected cortical 

 cells may be two to six times their usual size and 

 completely filled with the plasmodium or spores. 

 They apparently do not divide after infection. 

 although Feldman did not study the early develop- 

 mental stages of the disease. He nevertheless found 

 a few binucleate infected cells, which suggests that 

 mitosis is not completely inhibited. The jilasmodium 

 may envelop the host nucleus (fig. 10(i) which is 

 thereby stimulated to enlarge and becomes six to ten 

 times as large as those of liealthy cells. The nu- 

 cleole likewise enlarges, while the chromatic mate- 

 rial becomes more basophj-llic and also vacuolate. 

 The nucleus may persist until after the sjiores are 

 mature, and in greatly enlarged cells with rii)e spores 

 it may be 3.5 to iO n in diameter, enucleolate, and 

 looks like a partially empty vesicle containing a small 

 amount of chromatic debris. 



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