io8 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



daylight, and below and behind by indirect dayhght reflected in 



the required directions by a set of mirrors appropriately arranged. 



In the entirely darkened Culture C, rudiments of fruit-bodies 



Fig. 60. — Coprinus sterquilinus. Fruit-bodies from Culture B, grown in a dish 

 lighted from below and darkened above. Both the fruit-bodies A and B have 

 developed from rudiments which came into existence on the top of the dung in 

 the dark. No fruit-bodies developed from the lighted lower parts of the 

 dung-balls. Each of the two fruit-bodies has a long solid stipe-base which passes 

 gradually into the hollow stipe-shaft, and the two pilei, up to the present, are 

 relatively retarded in development. Cf. Fig. 59 which shows fruit-bodies 

 developed in top-lighted cultures. The two fruit-bodies A and B are both 

 insecurely attached to the substratum. Later on they had to be supported 

 with props to prevent them from falling on to their sides. Natural size. 



arose in large numbers evenly all over the surface of the dung — at 

 the bottom, top, and sides of each ball, wherever a free surface was 

 exposed. In the end, a few rudiments in all these situations continued 

 to develop and eventually produced fruit- bodies which shed spores ; 

 and the remaining rudiments all underwent abortion (Figs. 61 and 

 62). We thus find that, in the absence of light, the rudiments 

 which are destined to develop into mature fruit-bodies do not of 



