CHAPTER II 



THE TRANSLOCATION OF PROTOPLASM THROUGH THE SEPTATE 

 MYCELIUM OF CERTAIN PYRENOMYCETES, DISCOMY- 

 CETES, AND HYMENOMYCETES 



Historical Introduction — Investigations by the Author — Fimctaria fimicola — 

 Cultures — Protoplasmic Streaming — Passage of Vacuoles through the Pores 

 in the Septa — Rate of Flow of the Protoplasm — General Direction of the 

 Protoplasmic Current — Gelasinospora tetrasperrna — Pyronema confluens— 

 Hanging-drop Cultures — Growth of the Mycelium and Development of Vacuoles 

 — Protoplasmic Streaming — Streaming of Protoplasm from one Mycelium to 

 Another — Deformation of Vacuoles by Flowing Protoplasm — Causes of 

 Streaming — Biological Significance of Streaming — Rate of Growth of the 

 Mycelium in a Dung-agar Plate— Observations with Dark-field Illumination— 

 Woronin Bodies and their Movements — Pore Plugs and their Formation under 

 Experimental Conditions — Formation of Pore Plugs in Old Mycelia when 

 Individual Cells Die— Pore Plugs in Other Fungi— The Origin of Intrahyphal 

 Hyphae from Septal Walls and their Growth through Older Dead Hyphae under 

 Experimental Conditions — Ascophanus carneus — A Ciboria on Male Birch 

 Catkins — The Hymenomycetes — Mycetozoa and Fungi — Phycomycetes com- 

 pared with Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes — The Biological Significance of 

 Septa in the Mycelium of the Higher Fungi— Time taken for the Formation of 

 a Septum — Temporary Bulging of Septa toward Growing Points — The Passage 

 of Nuclei through the Haploid Mycelium of Hymenomycetes during the 

 Diploidisation Process 



Historical Introduction.— Streaming movements in the cells of 

 Phanerogams were first observed by Corti 1 in 1774 and, during the 

 next century, his observations were amplified and extended by 

 Fontana, Treviranus, Amici, Meyen, Dutrochet, Schleiden, and 

 Hassal. 2 At first it was thought that the seat of the movement 

 was the cell-sap, and it was not until 1852, shortly after von Mohl 



1 B. Corti, " Osservationi microscopiche sulla Tremella e sulla circolazione del 

 fluido in una pianta acquajuola (Chara)," Lucca, 1774, p. 127. Cited from Pfeffer. 



2 For references to the early literature on streaming vide : W. Pfeffer, The 

 Physiology of Plants, Oxford, Vol. Ill, 1906, p. 289 ; and A. J. Ewart, On the Physics 

 and Physiology of Protoplasmic Streaming in Plants, Oxford, 1903, pp. 1-5. 



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