THE TRANSLOCATION OF PROTOPLASM 97 



Wahrlich's work on fungi in general was subsequently confirmed 

 by other investigators ; for a single protoplasmic strand passing 

 through a median pore in each septum was observed : by A. Meyer * 

 (1896-1902) in Hypomyces rosellus and Pleurotus ostreatus ; by 

 Dangeard 2 in Sphaerotheca Castagnei (1897), and Bactridium flavum 

 (1900) ; by Woronin 3 (1900), in Sclerotinia cinerea and S.fructigena ; 

 and by Kienitz-Gerloff 4 (1902), in Sclerotinia cinerea, S. fructigena, 

 Peziza aurantiaca, the sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea, a Verti- 

 cillium, and a Cephalothecium. 



In 1894, Poirault 5 published a brief note in which he stated that, 

 in Cladonia rangiferina, Peltigera canina, Calicium chrysocephalum, 

 and other Lichens, the septa in the hyphae of the thallus are 

 traversed by several protoplasmic threads, whilst those in the 

 paraphyses are traversed by a single thread. In 1902, this was 

 confirmed by A. Meyer 6 who found that in Peltigera canina the 

 normal cross-walls of the hyphae, when sufficiently large, have 

 several perforations and, when small, have only one perforation. 

 Septa with two perforations were observed by Strasburger 7 (1901) 

 in Cora pavonia, and septa having 2-6 perforations and looking like 

 the sieve-plates of Phanerogamia were observed by Kienitz-Gerloff 8 

 (1902) in Peltigera canina and P. polydactyla after he had destroyed 

 the cell-contents with eau de Javelle. Protoplasmic continuity 



1 A. Meyer, " Das Vorkommen von Plasmaverbindungen bei den Pilzen," Ber. 

 d. D. bot. GeselL, Bd. XIV, 1896, pp. 280-281, and " Die Plasmaverbindungen und 

 die Fusionen der Pilze der Florideenreihe," Bot. Zeit., Bd. LX, 1902, pp. 139-178. 



2 P.-A. Dangeard, " Second memoire sur la reproduction sexuelle des Ascomy- 

 cetes," Le Botaniste, T. V, 1897, p. 255 ; also " Structure et communications proto- 

 plasmiques dans le Bactridium ftavum" Le. Botaniste, T. VII, 1900, pp. 35-36, 

 39-40. 



3 M. Woronin, " fiber Sclerotinia cinerea und Sclerotinia fructigena," Mem. de 

 VAcad. Imp. des Sci. de Saint- Peter sbourg, Classe-mathematique, Bd. X, 1900. Cited 

 from A. Meyer. 



4 F. Kienitz-Gerloff, " Neue Studien iiber Plasmodesmen," Ber. d. D. bot. GeselL, 

 Bd. XX, 1902, pp. 102-104. 



5 G. Poirault, " Les communications intercellulaires chez les Lichens," Bull. Soc. 

 Myc. France, T. X, 1894, pp. 131-132 ; also in Comptes Rendus, T. CXVIII, 1894, 

 pp. 1362-1363. 



6 A. Meyer, loc. cit., pp. 142-143. 



7 E. Strasburger, " Uber Plasmaverbindungen pflanzlicher Zellen," Jahrb. f. 

 wiss. Bot., Bd. XXXVI, 1901, p. 519. 



8 F. Kienitz-Gerloff, loc. cit., pp. 102-106. 



VOL. V. H 



