THE TRANSLOCATION OF PROTOPLASM 127 



twinkled in the most extraordinary manner. Where streaming was 

 taking place, the twinkling points seemed to be moving along in the 

 direction of protoplasmic flow ; but, even where the protoplasm 

 was not moving and right up to the ends of the growing points of 

 all the hyphae, continuous twinkling was in progress. Doubtless 

 the twinkling was due to light coming from the protoplasmic 

 granules and the granules being in Brownian movement. On 

 focussing just within the cell-wall, I observed a layer of protoplasm 

 containing granules at rest. Possibly the granules were like those 

 of the ordinary massive granular protoplasm but were fixed in 

 position owing to their being in contact with the thin fixed hyaline 

 plasmic layer lining the cell-wall. For comparison with Pyronema 

 confluens, some mycelium of Coprinus sterquilinus was examined 

 with the dark-field condenser. The hyphae of this fungus looked 

 very empty. The protoplasm was almost invisible ; only here and 

 there could a twinkling particle be observed. A few larger white 

 particles could be seen in the cells, some of them on the cross-walls, 

 and these moved about irregularly. With ordinary transmitted 

 light one perceives that, whereas the protoplasm of Pyronema 

 confluens is very distinctly granular, that of Coprinus sterquilinus 

 is relatively homogeneous, and doubtless this difference accounts 

 for the fact that, when the dark-field condenser is employed, the 

 protoplasm of P. confluens twinkles very much more than that of 

 C. sterquilinus. 



Woronin Bodies and their Movements. — In 1886, Woronin dis- 

 covered in the cells of Ascobolus (= Lasiobolus) pulcherrimus certain 

 highly refractive particles a few of which can usually be seen on 

 one side or both sides of each septum. Charlotte Ternetz, in 1900, 

 again called attention to these particles as they occur in Ascophanus 

 carneus, and she described them as follows : they are rounded in 

 form, do not contain tannin, are not stained by iodine, and in 

 stained preparations they take on nuclear dyes ; they appear in 

 the apical cells of hyphae, irregularly dispersed in the protoplasm, 

 and there they move every now and then here and there, and then 

 they settle down against a longitudinal wall or a septum ; even 

 when streaming is taking place, they may move independently of 

 the granular protoplasm, sometimes in the direction of flow and 



