3i8 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



bending outwards, the two upper everting membranes, except at 

 the teeth, separate from the lower non-everting membranes, so 

 that there is a space formed between them (Fig. 161, A and B). 

 It may be that, while this space is being formed and afterwards, 

 the fibrous layer serves to prevent the expanding palisade layer 

 from pushing downwards as a whole and thus itself becomes stretched 

 and brought into a state of tension. In any case, in the dual everting 



Fig. 162. — Sphaerobolus 

 stellatus. A portion of the 

 double peridial membrane 

 which, by turning inside 

 out, projects the global 

 mass to a distance : A, 

 before eversion ; B, after 

 eversion. A: the membrane 

 is concave ; already it has 

 separated below from the 

 thick pseudoparenchy- 

 matous layer of the peri- 

 dium (layer no. 3) and 

 above from the global mass 

 (not here represented) 

 which it supports (cf. Fig. 

 151, p. 304). It consists 

 of two peridial layers 

 firmly attached to one 

 another : a, the fibrous 

 layer, made up of thick - 

 walled, interwoven, pre- 

 dominantly tangential hy- 

 phae, and b, the palisade 

 layer, made up for the most 

 part of radially elongated, 

 thick-walled, palisade cells 

 covered above with 

 rounded cells with still 

 thicker walls. B, the same 

 as A, but after the ever- 

 sion of the membrane : the 

 membrane is now convex, 

 and the upper parts of the 

 palisade cells have in- 

 creased in width. The 

 thin-walled broken cells 

 shown abo ve ( not seen in A ) 

 are the remains of the outer 

 part of the thin pseudo- 

 parenchymatous layer 

 (peridial layer no. 6) which 

 underwent autodigestion 

 when the global mass was 

 separating from the pali- 

 sade layer. Drawn by 

 A. H. R. Buller and 

 Ruth Macrae. Magni- 

 fication, 380, 



