tain the progress in medicine which has marked the last 25 years, the Gov- 

 ernment should extend financial support to basic medical research in the 

 medical schools and in universities. 



For Our ISational Security 



The bitter and dangerous battle against the U-boat was a battle of scien- 

 tific techniques — and our margin of success was dangerously small. The 

 new eyes which radar has supplied can sometimes be blinded by new scien- 

 tific developments. V— 2 was countered only by capture of the launching 

 sites. 



We cannot again relv on our allies to hold off the enemy while we 

 struggle to catch up. There must be more — and more adequate — military 

 research in peacetime. It is essential that the civilian scientists continue in 

 peacetime some portion of those contributions to national security which 

 they ha\'e made so effectively during the war. This can best be done through 

 a civilian-controlled organization with close liaison with the Armv and Navy, 

 but with funds direct from Congress, and the clear power to initiate military 

 research which will supplement and strengthen that carried on directly under 

 the control of the Armv and Navv- 



And for the Public Welfare 



One of our hopes is that after the war there will be full employment. To 

 reach that goal the full creative and productive energies of the American 

 people must be released. To create more jobs we must make new and better 

 and cheaper products. We want plentv of new, vigorous enterprises. But 

 new products and processes are not born full-grown. They are founded on 

 new principles and new conceptions which in turn result from basic scien- 

 tific research. Basic scientific research is scientific capital. Moreover, we 

 cannot any longer depend upon Europe as a major source of this scientific 

 capital. Clearly, more and better scientific research is one essential to the 

 achievement of our goal of full employment. 



How do we increase this scientific capital? First, we must have plenty of 

 men and women trained in science, for upon them depends both the creation 

 of new knowledge and its application to practical purposes. Second, we must 

 strengthen the centers of basic research which are principally the colleges, 

 universities, and research institutes. These institutions provide the environ- 

 ment which is most conducive to the creation of new scientific knowledge 

 and least under pressure for immediate, tangible results. With some notable 

 exceptions, most research in industry and in Government involves applica- 

 tion of existing scientific knowledge to practical problems. It is only the 

 colleges, universities, and a few research institutes that devote most of their 

 research efforts to expanding the frontiers of knowledge. 



Expenditures for scientific research by industry and Goyernment increased 

 from $140,000,000 in 1930 to $309,000,000 in 1940. Those for the colleges 

 and universities increased from $20,000,000 to $31,000,000, while those for 



