$69,000,000 in 1940 to $720,000,000 dustry and to the universities. This 



in 1944. Not all of this large increase resulted in changing the trend of 



took place in Government labora- university research expenditures. The 



tories. Substantial sums went to in- universities spent $28,000,000 on 



Table 



Scientific Research Expenditures and National Income 



' Kuznets, Simon S., National Income and Its Composition, 1919-38, Vol. I (New York, National Bureau 

 of Economic Research, 1941), p. 137. 



■ National Resources Committee, Research — A National Resource, Vol. II, Industrial Research (Washing- 

 ton, Supt. Docs., 1938), p. 174; Perazich, G. and Field, P., Industrial Research and Changing Technology 

 (Philadelphia, WPA, National Research Project, Rep. No. M-4, Jan. 1940), p. 65. 



' Includes the industrial research institutes supported primarily by contributions from industry. Esti- 

 mated $5,000,000 spent by nonprofit industrial research institutes for 1939 and extrapolated for other years 

 by the Battelle Memorial Institute figures given in their publication Research in Action (Columbus, 1944), 

 p. 51. 



' Report on Federal Government expenditures on scientific research. Excludes Federal grants to agricul- 

 tural experiment stations. 3 percent of Federal Government expenditures estimated as equivalent to scien- 

 tific research expenditures by the States, exclusive of their grants to agricultural experiment stations and 

 colleges and universities, which are included in the expenditures by the latter. 1940-44 Federal Govern- 

 ment figures do not include grants to "educational institutions and foundations." 



' The National Resources Committee reported that $50,000,000 were spent on research by all colleges and 

 universities in 1935-36. Based on the surveys by the Bowman Committee, it was estimated that $25,000,000 

 of this were for expenditures on research in the natural sciences. The trend shown in research expenditures 

 of a large sample of universities and colleges was used to extrapolate for years other than 1936. Figures in- 

 clude grants from foundations and from the Government for agricultural experiment stations. 



'Includes the endowed research institutes which are not connected with any industry nor an integral 

 part of any university, such as the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, the Wistar Institute, the 

 Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, etc. The estimates 

 have been made upon published information and questionnaires. The trend shown in the institutions on 

 which complete information was available was used to extrapolate the research expenditures in other re- 

 search institutes. It was estimated that six institutes constituted 75 percent of the total expenditures. 



86 



