sistance, publishing costs associated 

 with research, etc. A calculation was 

 then made of the amount of these 

 direct expenses in relation to profes- 

 sional salaries. The minimum figure 

 in any of the industrial laboratories 

 or science institutes studied was 

 about forty cents per dollar of pro- 

 fessional salary; typical figures are 

 near one dollar, and in certain cases 

 the figure was more than two, or even 

 three, dollars. The highest figures 

 for the university departments — with 

 one or two striking exceptions, such 

 as the chemistry department in insti- 

 tution number 8 — are approximately 

 the same as the lowest figures for the 

 industrial laboratories and science in- 

 stitutes. Typical figures for univer- 

 sity departments are about twenty 

 cents per dollar of salary, and often 

 are considerably lower. 



Although it is very difficult to 

 judge, there appeared to be a corre- 

 lation between the research contri- 

 butions of a university department 

 and the amount of research assistance 

 made available to its professional 

 workers. In the institutions and de- 

 partments less adequately provided 

 with such support there are many 

 men with research ability whose pro- 

 ductivity could be significantly in- 

 creased by the provision of more ade- 

 quate research funds. Such funds 

 might be used to diminish heavy 

 teaching loads, which leave many 

 men with little time for research, and 

 to provide essential apparatus and 

 technical assistance. 



Time Devoted to Teaching and 

 Research 



The universities and engineering 

 schools included in this survey rank 

 among the leading institutions of the 

 country. In all of them research is 

 fostered and encouraged, and is con- 

 sidered an important factor in aca- 



demic promotion. However, the va- 

 rious institutions differ considerably 

 in the relative emphasis given to 

 teaching and research. In a general 

 way the 13 institutions may be said 

 to fall into two groups: 



In group A, comprising institutions 

 1, 5, 8, 10, and 13, the teaching load 

 is relatively light, but varies consid- 

 erably among individuals. For some 

 members of the staff it is moderately 

 hiph, while for others it is only 2 or 

 3 hours a week. These institutions 

 are also likely to have some research 

 professors who do no teaching at all. 

 Most members of the staff are ex- 

 pected to devote more than half of 

 their time to research. Of the five 

 institutions that fall in group A, four 

 are privately endowed. Nos. 1 and 5 

 are large universities in which a great 

 deal of research is being actively car- 

 ried on in all departments. No. 10 

 is a similar medium-size institution. 

 No. 8 is an institution devoted pri- 

 marily to the natural sciences and 

 engineering. One very large State 

 university (No. 13) also appears to 

 belong in this category, at least, as 

 regards some of its science depart- 

 ments. 



Group B (Nos. 2, 4, 9, 11, and 12) 

 is made up of important State univer- 

 sities. The teaching load is consid- 

 erably heavier in this group, averag- 

 ing around 12 class-room hours per 

 week. Most members of the staff, 

 however, are able to devote about 

 one-quarter of their time to research, 

 and sometimes more. Research pro- 

 fessorships involving little or no 

 teaching are extremely rare in these 

 universities. 



Three private institutions (Nos. 3, 

 6, and 7) appear to lie somewhere 

 between groups A and B in regard 

 to the relative allocation of time be- 

 tween teaching and research. No. 3 



126 



