Moreover, we consider that, aj^art 

 from and in addition to the general 

 benefits to the Nation flowing from 

 the addition to its trained ranks of 

 such a corps of scientific workers, 

 there should be a definite and stated 

 quid fro quo from the beneficiaries 

 to the Nation. Hence, we propose 

 that the beneficiaries under the plan 

 should constitute a National Science 

 Reserve, with definite and stated obli- 

 gations to the Nation for scientific 

 work similar to the obligations of 

 members of the Army and Navy Re- 

 serves for service of the kind for 

 which they have been prepared. 



We suggest that recipients of un- 

 dergraduate scholarships under the 

 proposed plan be known as National 

 Science Reserve Scholars and that 

 recipients of predoctoral fellowships 

 be called National Science Reserve 

 Fellows. 



The awards of Science Reserve 

 Scholarships for college training for 

 the bachelor's degree should be based 

 upon tests of ability and aptitude to 

 insure that the successful candidates 

 will be oriented to scientific and tech- 

 nological pursuits. Moreover, accept- 

 ance of the Scholarships and Fellow- 

 ships should be understood by the re- 

 cipients as indicating intention to en- 

 gage professionally in scientific and 

 technological work but not as consti- 

 tuting an absolute obligation to do so. 

 We recommend that the recipient 

 of a National Reserve Scholarship or 

 Fellowship shall agree that, upon the 

 completion of his undergraduate or 

 graduate training, he shall be en- 

 rolled in the National Science Re- 

 serve and be liable to call into the 

 service of the Federal Government, 

 in connection with scientific or tech- 

 nical work in time of war or of a 

 national emergency declared by Con- 

 gress or proclaimed by the President 



— the conditions of employment and 

 the salary to be determined at that 

 time by the President. 



This call would be at the option of 

 the Federal Government. It is con- 

 templated that, in cases where men 

 had not for years been engaged in 

 scientific or technical activities, the 

 Government probably would not ex- 

 ercise the right of call. 



In addition to the binding obliga- 

 tion to serve the Government (if 

 called) full-time in case of war or a 

 national emergency, the members of 

 the Reserve should pledge themselves 

 to render assistance to the Govern- 

 ment in time of peace, through serv- 

 ice on advisory committees and on a 

 consulting basis insofar as they are 

 able to do so without gross interfer- 

 ence with their professional work or 

 the rendering of effective service to 

 their employers. 



We believe that the proposed Na- 

 tional Science Reserve would be of 

 real service to the Nation. Evidence 

 presented to the Committee shows 

 that, if such a science reserve had 

 been in existence in 1940 and had 

 included the best scientists, the mobil- 

 ization of scientific and technical men 

 to assist the Army and the Navy 

 (directly and through OSRD), be- 

 fore Pearl Harbor, would have been 

 more rapid and effective than it was 

 possible to make it. We believe that 

 the obligation undertaken by the re- 

 cipients of National Science Reserve 

 scholarships and fellowships would 

 constitute a real quid pro quo and 

 that the Federal Government would 

 be well advised to invest the money 

 involved even if the benefits to the 

 Nation were thought of solely — 

 which they are not — in terms of na- 

 tional preparedness. 



The exact extent and duration of 

 the obligation to serve, assumed by 



153 



