w ORONINACBAE 



and stained material, and it is not improbable thai 

 future investigation may reveal the occurrence 01 



schizogony and "promitotic" divisions. It should be 



noted iii tiiis connection, however, that the walls of 

 the sporangia and resting spores of W. polycystis 



give 'l delinite cellulose reaction, while those of the 

 Plasmodiophorales do not. Furthermore, in germi- 

 nation tin- content of the EOOSpore enters the host 



through ;i penetration tube (tins. 5 7) leaving the 



empty ease on the outside of the host eell .is ill 



Olpidiopsis, Rosellopsis, etc. In the Plasmodio- 

 phorales the zoospores are reported to enter directly. 

 The latter difference may not he important, hut the 

 presence of cellulose is fundamentally significant, 

 according to present-day student of phylogeny. 



Woronma glomerata parasitizes species of Vau- 

 cheria and causes septation of the filaments without 

 hypertrophy (PI. 2. fig. 1). It forms sporangio- and 

 cystosori, hut the resting spores and sporangia are 

 not closely aggregated and compact as in W. poly- 

 ci/stis hut may lie loose and free of each other (figs. 

 <>. 10. l.'i). Motile zoospores were observed by To- 

 kunaga who described them as biflagellate, hut noth- 

 ing further is known about the number, position and 

 relative length of the flagella. The zoospores appar- 

 ently enter the host directly and divide, according 

 to Zopf ( '94, p. 54). The daughter cells soon become 

 amoeboid and after a while may divide also (fig. 2). 

 The amoebae feed directly on the host protoplasm 

 and engulf starch grains, chlorophyll granules, etc., 

 whereby they may become quite green in color. This 

 engulfed food is held in sharply-defined yaeuoles 

 (fig. I), according to Scherffel. and later as the 

 cleavage segments of the plasmodium are trans- 

 formed into zoosporangia or resting spores the ex- 

 traneous waste material is extruded to the outside 

 (fig. 5) like in typical proteomyxean species. As a 

 consequence, the groups of sporangia and spores are 



usually accompanied by masses of dark brown waste 

 material i figs. 1. 5. Oi. 10). 



The amoebae may unite by fine cytoplasmic 

 strands or pscudopods and form a reticulate plas- 

 modium which often completely fills the delimited 

 portions of the host filament. The amoebae may 

 separate again, which suggests that they do not lose 

 their entity as cells in the large plasmodium but in- 

 stead remain distinct and form a pseudoplasiiindiiini 

 suggestive of that in the Aerasieae. This, howcyer. 



remains to be shown. Zopf nevertheless reported 



that the large plasmodium cleaves into segments or 

 "Theilplasmodien" at maturity, each of which forms 

 a group of zoosporangia or resting spores. This di- 

 vision of amoebae and plasinodia is somewhat sug- 

 gestive of schizogony in the Plasmodiophorales. 



The resting spores, unlike those of II'. polycystis 

 and the Plasmodiophorales, function as zoospo- 

 rangia in germination and produce numerous zoo- 

 spores. The content of the spore undergoes cleavage 

 i tiir--. ii. 12) into zoospore initials, while the endo 

 spore expands out through the germ pore and forms 

 a globular vesicle which then develops a cylindrical 

 exit tube of variable length ( fig. 13A). Occasionally. 



Vesicles of two adjacent spores fuse and form a coin 

 moil one (figs. I 3 H, C). After the \esiele and exit 

 tube have been formed, the zoospores in the resting 

 Spore pass through these structures to the outside of 

 the host. The hyaline vesicle in this species is some 

 what similar in appearance to the thin-walled, hya- 

 line zoosporangia which are developed on the sur- 

 face of germinating resting spores of many chytrid 



species, but whether they are to be regarded as such 

 or as inflated bases of exit tubes is not certain. 



As noted above. Zopf and Scherffel regarded IV. 

 glomerata as an organism with a fungus-like life 

 cycle and an animal type of nutrition, and they ac- 

 cordingly believed that it should be placed in the 

 family (iymnococcaceac among the Proteomyxa. 



W. POLYCYSTIS Cornu, I.e., pi, 7, figs. t-19. 



II'. polycystis var. scalariformis. Petersen, Hilo. Ann* 

 Mycol. 8:557. 



Sporangosori oval, ellipsoid, somewhat irregular 

 or elongate, 30 X 100 p., 60 X 476 p, often in linear 

 rows, lying in successively delimited septate seg- 

 ments of the host hyphae. Zoosporangia occasionally 

 single, usually in small or large groups, hyaline, 

 smooth, spherical, 12— 20 ju, oval, ellipsoid or polyg- 

 onal with a short exit tube, or papilla. Zoospores 

 hyaline with one small granule or globule, elongate, 

 2 X 4 /«.. or spherical 3.5—4 /*.. Cystosori spherical, 

 ellipsoid, barrel-shaped, cylindrical or irregular. 

 42-140 ju, 50 X 308 /x, dark brown, covered on the 

 surface with numerous cone-shaped and pointed pro- 

 jections which relate to the outer cysts or spores. In- 

 dividual cysts or resting spores thick-walled, spheri- 

 cal or polygonal, 4-8.(5 p in diameter, usually com- 

 pactly united; producing one (?) zoospore in germi- 

 nation. 



Parasitic in the vegetative filaments, zoospo- 

 rangia, zoospores, antheridia and oogonia of Sapro- 

 legnia monoica and S. thureti in Germany (Fischer, 

 '82; Minden, 11); Achlya polyandra, A. racemosa, 

 Achhia sp.. Saprolegnia spiralis and Saprolegnia 

 monoica in France (Cornu, I.e.; Dangeard, '90); 



Achlya racemosa in Russia (Sorokin. '83, 'Nil;) 

 Saprolegnia sp., in Switzerland (Maurizio, !••">); 

 Saprolegnia ferax, Saprolegnia sp., Achlya tic Bary- 



ana, Achilla sp.. in England ( Hartog. '90 J Smith and 

 R.iiusbottoiu. 17; Cook and Nicholson, '.'(3; Spar- 

 row. ':i(i ) ; Saprolegnia sp., and Achilla sp.. in Den- 

 mark ( Petersen. 'Oil, '10), and Achlya sp.. in New 

 York, L. S. A. (Sparrow. '32, '33), causing septa- 

 tion and marked hypertrophy of the infected fila- 

 ments. 



Until recently most workers regarded the para 

 site which Pringsheim ('60) described in Achhia 



dioica as W. polycyttit, but Couch ('Jill) has shown 

 that it relates to another species. Pringsheim clla 



dioica, with posteriorly uniflagellate zoospores. 

 Cook ('32) reported that W. polycystis iiarasitiz.es 

 Oedogonium crassusculum var. idiosporium in Eng 



land. This is the only account so far of its occurrence 

 in hosts other than the water molds. The plasmodi.i 



