52 



THE SIMPLE HOLOCARPIC BIFLAGELLATE PHYCOMYCETES 



radially oriented pseudopods (fig. 162). Jokl be- 

 lieved that the amoeba may often migrate towards 

 the nucleus, as in 0. schenkiana and 0. Oedogni- 

 orum, and engulf it. Very shortly, however, the 

 amoebae retract their pseudopods, round up, and 

 grown into large thalli. Petersen and Sparrow ap- 

 parently failed to find extramatrical thalli and the 

 amoeboid stages, and it is quite possible that Jokl's 

 fungus relates to another species. 



PARASITES OF RICCIA AND 

 INSECTS 



O. RICCIAE du Plessis, 1933. Ann. Bot. 47: 761. Figs. 

 1-12. 



Zoosporangia solitary or up to 12 in a rhizoid, 

 oval, elliptical, 20-35.7 /x X 24-40 ii, opening by an 

 irregular fissure or an exit tube. Zoospores hetero- 

 cont, hyaline, globose or slightly ovoid, 2.4-4 p., 

 swarming in the sporangium before dehiscence, lib- 

 erated within the host cell or to the outside ; flagella 

 anterior, 8.3 ii and 17.5 ii long respectively, shorter 

 flagellum directed forward and longer one backward 

 in swimming. Resting spores parthenogenetic (?) 

 or sexual, globose, elliptical, elongate or cylindrical, 

 often laterally and terminally depressed, 12.8-32 p. 

 X 14.4-48 p., hyaline or light brown, with a thick 

 warty exospore ; companion or male cell hyaline, 

 smooth and spherical; germination unknown. 



Parasitic (?) in rhizoids of Riccia sp., South 

 Africa, without causing hypertrophy. 



O. UCRAINICA Wize, 1904. Bull. Intern. L'Acad. Sci. 

 Craeovie. 1904: 713. Figs, la-lg. 



Thallus broadly oval, 3.5 p. in diameter. Zoospo- 

 ' rangia and zoospores unknown. Resting spores ap- 

 parently formed by the contraction and encystment 

 of the thallus content, and lying loose and free in a 

 vesicular membrane until mature, orange or golden 

 in color, spherical, 20-30 p; contents granular with 

 one large 15-25 /x, or several small, 3-5 ti, refrin- 

 gent globules ; wall thick, sculptured and reticulate ; 

 companion cell lacking. 



Parasitic in the larvae and pupa of Cleonus 

 puntiventris and Anisplia austriaca in Repiszna, 

 Ukraina, and Ruthenia, filling the insects' bodies 

 with an orange-colored granular powder. 



There is little, if anything at all, in the life cycle 

 of this organism as described by Wize to justify its 

 inclusion in Olpidiopsis. Sparrow ('39) believed that 

 Wize's fungus relates to Myrophagus ucrainicus 

 Sparrow, a chytrid which Thaxter had collected in 

 1927. Peteh ('40) likewise held that his earlier- 

 named Entomophthora (Tarichiinn) reticulata is 

 identical to Wize's and Sparrow's species. 



PSEUDOLPIDIUM 



Fischer, 1892. Rabenh. Krypt'fl. I, 4: 33. 



(plate 13, figs. 171-190) 



Thallus intramatrieal, appearing more or less 

 naked but immiscible with the host protoplasm when 



young and becoming enveloped by a sharply-defined 

 wall at maturity. Zoosporangia solitary or numerous 

 in a host cell, smooth, variously-shaped with one to 

 several exit tubes of variable diameter and length 

 which may often extend considerably beyond the 

 surface of the host cell. Zoospores hyaline with one 

 to several refractive bodies ; somewhat egg-, bean-, 

 or kidney-shaped, oval, elongate, and pyriform; 

 heterocont or isocont ( ?), flagella laterally inserted 



plate 13 

 O. andreei 



Fig. 161. Infection of Ectocarpus cell. Sparrow, '36. 



Fig. 162. Young amoeboid thallus with pseudopods, ap- 

 proaching host nucleus at right. (Pleotrachelus Ecto- 

 carpi). Jokl, '16. 



Fig. 163. Older vacuolate thallus enveloped by a dis- 

 tinct wall. Sparrow, I.e. 



Fig. 164. Abnormal, partially extramatrical thallus. 

 Jokl, I.e. 



Fig. 165. Zoosporangium. Sparrow, I.e. 



Fig. 166. Free hand interpretative drawing of zoospore, 

 heterocont (?). Sparrow, I.e. 



Fig. 167. Plasmogamy. Sparrow, I.e. 



Fig. 168. Resting spore with small companion cell. Spar- 

 row, I.e. 



Fig. 169. Mature parthenogenetic (?) resting spore. 

 Sparrow, I.e. 



Pseudolpidium 



Fig. 170. Cyst of Qlenodinvam with two thalli of P. 

 Glenodinianum. Dangeard, '88, '89. 



Figs. 171, 172. Zoosporangia of same. Dangeard, I.e. 



Fig. 173. Emergence of zoospore to form a mass at the 

 mouth of the exit papilla. P. Glenodinianum, Dangeard, 

 I.e. 



Fig. 174. Heterocont zoospores, P. Glenodinianum, 

 Dangeard, I.e. 



Fig. 175. Zoosporangia of P. Sphneritae in a smooth 

 resting spore of Sphaerita endogena. Dangeard, I.e. 



Figs. 176, 177. Heterocont zoospores with a large re- 

 fractive globule. P. Sphaeritae, Dangeard, I.e. 



Fig. 178. Empty sporangium in a spiny cyst. P. Spha- 

 eritae, Dangeard, I.e. 



Fig. 179. Spiny sporangium or possibly a partheno- 

 genetic resting spore of Pseudolpidium sp., from the ele- 

 mentary tract of the boll weevil. Krafka and Miller, '26. 



P. deformans 



(All figures after Serbinow, '07) 



Fig. 180. Infection of hair cell of Draparnaldia glo- 

 merata. 



Fig. 181. Amoebae of P. deformans in three hyper- 

 trophied cells. 



Fig. 182. Amoeba with long pseudopods. 



Fig. 183. Division of amoeba. 



Fig. 184. Fixed and stained preparation of trinueleate 

 amoeba; zoospores case and infection tube attached to 

 host cell. 



Fig. 185. Similar preparation of a host cell with eleven 

 rounded amoebae. 



Fig. 186. Hypcrtrophied cell with six thalli. 



Fig. 187. Mature zoosporangia with zoospores. 



Fig. 188. Emergence of zoospores. 



Figs. 189, 190. Biflagellate zoospores. 



