CHAPTER XXXVIII 



THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ZOOLOGY 



The history of the transformation of opinion in reference to living organisms 

 is an interesting part of the story of intellectual development. 



W. A. Locy, Biology and its Makers 



The Science of Zoology and its Divisions. This is a text- 

 book of zoology because it attempts to give, in orderly 

 fashion, facts about animals. But not all of these facts are 

 obtained from one kind of study. When in the foregoing 

 chapters we were examining the general form of animals we 

 were dealing with morphology. When the study of form went 

 into the form and arrangements of the individual organs or 

 parts we were taking up that branch of morphology which is 

 called anatomy. When parts or organs of two different ani- 

 mals were compared or contrasted we were delving into a 

 field of zoology called comparative anatomy. But structure 

 is of live interest only when we come to see what the in- 

 dividual organ or part does. This field of zoology treating 

 of function is called physiology. Before we were able to talk 

 about either the form or function of the parts we found it 

 necessary to call the animal by some name. This division of 

 zoology is called systematic zoology, or taxonomy. When we 

 discussed the relations of the various animals to their en- 

 vironment we were attacking one phase of the field of ecol- 

 ogy. When we have discussed the animal life of the past we 

 have been delving into the field of paleontology. 



From the foregoing it becomes apparent that zoology is 



not a simple aggregate of facts, but these facts may be 



grouped into a great number of different subdivisions or sub- 



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