444 



GENERAL ZOOLOGY 



— the name of a larger group, or genus, plus a name for the 

 species. His system of names (first published in 1735 and 

 finally perfected in 1758) is recognized as the basis of all 

 modern classification of both plants and animals. 



Comparative Anatomy and Paleontology. In the early part of 

 the nineteenth century a French naturalist, Georges Cuvier 



(1769-1832), greatly 

 influenced the devel- 

 opment of zoology. In 

 his studies of fossils he 

 recognized them as the 

 remains of animals of 

 past times and related 

 to the animals of to- 

 day. Thus he founded 

 the science of paleon- 

 tology. Furthermore 

 he realized the impor- 

 tance of anatomical 

 structure in classifica- 

 tion, and is recognized 

 as the father of com- 

 parative anatomy. 



The Cell and Proto- 

 plasm. In the two 

 hundred years follow- 

 ing the invention of the microscope many observations on 

 the minute structure of living things were published. Most of 

 these were scattering observations. In 1838 a botanist named 

 Schleiden, and one year later a zoologist named Schwann, 

 became convinced that the tiny units which various people 

 had observed in both plant and animal tissue are the funda- 

 mental units of which all living matter is composed. Thus 

 arose one of the most important generalizations in biology 



Fig. 232. Linnasus 



