BOTANICON SINICUM. 79 
Quercus chinensis. Thuja orientalis. 
Other species. ie tree yielding Sago (Caryota). 
Sterculia platanifolia. Bam 
Melia Azedarach. Rattans, 
Ficus retusa, 
THE f& #} Z{ CHUNG SHU SHU. 
This is another work on husbandry, published some centuries 
later, which has survived in the form of quotations preserved in 
later works of that class. The name of its author is SR 3 BE 
Kuo To t‘o, who seems to have lived in the 7th or 8th century. 
All that we know of him is found in a short biographical notice 
written by the poet Liu Tsung yiian (A. D. 773—819. See alph. 
list 478), who perhaps was his contemporary. This biography is 
reproduced in the T‘u shu tsi ch‘eng, book VI. Kuo T‘o t‘o was 
a villager experienced in husbandry. His village was situated in 
the vicinity of Ch‘ang an, the metropolis of China during the 
T‘ang period. His true cognomen is unknown, ghd t‘o (Camel) 
being his pseudonym. 
The T‘u shu tsi ch‘eng seems to reproduce the whole matter of 
the Chung shu shu. See books V, X, XV, and under the heads 
of the respective plants. It would be AR from the title of 
the work, which means: the Book on the Art of Planting Trees, 
that it deals only with trees; but in reality it treats also of cereals, 
vegetables, and fruits; and gives notices of nearly the same plants 
as the T's‘i min yao shu. The following are new: 
Phaseolus radiatus, Olea fragrans. 
Melons, Mandarin-Orange. 
Spinach, Coolie-Orange, 
Beta vulgaris, Other Oranges. 
Papaver ‘Rheeas, Pyrus malus. 
Preonia Moutan. Salisburia adiantifolia. 
P. albiflora. Pinus sinensis. 
Jasminum Sambac. Lycium chinense, 
J. officinale, 
The Chung shu shu presents a peculiar interest with respect to 
some curious accounts found in it regarding the art of grafting 
trees. It has been asserted that the Jesuit missionaries first 
taught the Chinese to graft trees (see Chambers’ Encycl., article: 
Grafting). But that isa mistake. Grafting was probably prac- 
tised in China in early times. The ancient Dictionary Shuo wen, 
published A. D, 121, explains the character #¥, even n. nome age : 
