BOTANICON STNICUM. 97 
gradually became the study of all higher classes in Japan, the 
nobles, military officers, priests and physicians. Thus from China 
was derived the knowledge of Agriculture, Manufactures, the 
Arts, Religion, Philosophy, Ethics, Medicine, ete. 
As to the art of healing some native system of curing diseases 
_ existed no doubt in Japan in ancient times. Oanamuchi-no- Mihota 
and Sukuna Hikona no Mikota, two famous Japanese physicians, 
are both worshipped as medical divinities and as founders of the 
art of healing. But at an early period the Chinese principles of 
medicine were entirely adopted in Japan and have maintained 
themselves in that country up to the present time. 
Japanese annals record that A. D. 420 a Chinese physician, by 
name 4 jk Zit if 1 GE (in Chinese Ain po chen han hi nu), 
was invited by the Japanese Emperor from Corea to Japan. He 
came from the Corean kingdom Shin ro (4 Hk Sin lv). 
In 554 Tei yu da (JF F PE) and Han riyo (4% we), two 
apothecaries, natives of the Corean kingdom of Kudara, arrived in 
Japan to teach Chinese medicine there. Six other Corears are 
recorded to have been invited for the same purposes. The Chinese 
works on Materia medica known then in Japan were the 
wh & AR BY BE and the % B HI (see above Hist. Mat. med. 
No. 1 and 7). 
‘In 686 court physicians were for the first time appointed in 
Japan, and in 702 a great University for the promotion of Medi- 
cine, Astrology and other Chinese sciences was established at 
- Dai sai, the seat of the Central government at that time. This 
place was situated in the Northern part of the island of Kiu shiu. 
About the year 850 this University at Dai sai was improved. 
The different branches of medical science were taught separately, 
viz.: Internal diseases, External diseases, Surgical operations, 
Infantile complaints, Diseases of the eyes, the ears, the mouth, 
teeth, etc., Acupuncture. 
From the year 717 a Botanical Garden was connected with the 
University, in which medicinal plants were cultivated. From 
the year 787 Materia medica was taught according to the ¢ 
_ Chinese treatises $f {%& AX ¥E (new revised Pen ts‘uo) and the 
WE AS Bi (sce above Hist. Mat. med. No. 11). cans 
