100 BOTANICON SINICUM. 
order. This treatise was translated into French by Dr. L. Savatier 
in 1873. * 
Ono fianzan, the collaborator of Yo nan shi, subsequently 
became a celebrated botanist,—not only from a Japanese point 
of view. In his writings we first observe the influence of European 
science upon Japanese views on botany. The Dutch, after the 
expulsion of Europeans in 1639, were during more than two cen- 
turies the only European nation allowed to carry on trade with 
Japan; but they were not allowed to see more of J apan than the 
little island of Decima (Nagasaki). N otwithstanding this restric- 
tion they succeeded in awakening among the J apanese an interest 
in European science, especially natural history; and since the 
middle of the last century we find in J apan many native botanists 
who have studied botany from European books. 
Ono Ranzan, whom Siebold styles the Linnewus of J apan, wrote 
an important commentary on the Pen ts‘ao kang mu, with the 
title Ax EE Hj Re SF Hon zo ho moku hei mo, in 35 books, in 
which he displays a considerable critical judgment. He proves 
also that the majority of the natural productions of China are 
likewise found in Japan. This work was published in 1804, after 
the death of the author, by his grandson, who in 1847 issued 
another revised and enlarged edition, : 
Further particulars with respect to Japanese botanists and their 
scientific productions may be found in the introductory part of 
Dr. A. I. C. Geerts’ “ Produits de la nature japonaise et chinvise,” 
1878. I shall confine myself to ‘saying a few words on some 
more recent Japanese botanical works, which I myself possess 
and from which I have derived great assistance in determining 
plants described and depicted in Chinese botanical works. 
The Ax Et | # Hon zo du fu, published in 1828, in 96 
books, by Iwasaki Tsunemasa of Yeddo, describes 1795 plants 
and gives as many coloured drawings. It is now very difficult to 
obtain a complete printed copy of the work, the greater part of the 
edition having probably been destroyed by fire. I possess only the 
first ten books of it, but have had an opportunity of consulting a 
complete copy in the Library of the Imperial Academy atSt.Peters- 
burg. ‘The arrangement followed initis that of the Pen ts‘ackang pile 
