The important point addressed in this paper is 

 not who wins or loses the encounter but which 

 animal gains access to the I'esource. Investigators 

 whose observations w^ere limited to the first en- 

 counter might suggest that residents almost al- 

 ways outcompete intruders foi- shelter. However. 1 

 have shown that in a closed system the prior resi- 

 dent effect breaks down into simple size-related 

 dominance. These results offer a behavioral ex- 

 planation for the known and i-ecognized bull effect 

 in praw n aquaculture ponds. Larger animals have 

 preferential access to food and shelter, two impor- 

 tant resources which are often dispersed in a 

 clumped or patchy fashion. 



Acknow Icdgnicnts 



I wish to thank E. Reese, A. Kinzie, S. Malecha, 

 R. May, T. Smith, and the editors and reviewers of 

 Fishery Bulletin for the advice they gave during 

 the development of this paper. Most of the work 

 was carried out at the Hawaii Institute of Marine 

 Biology with funds awarded by University of 

 Hawaii Sea Grant College Program (through In- 

 stitutional Grant No. 04-3-158-29 from NOAA 

 Office of Sea Grant) and administered through the 

 Department of Genetics at the University of 

 Hawaii. 



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