TIIK BIRDS OF PORTUCiAJ.. 197 



Kare, tliough met with occasioniilly in tlie northern 

 provinces.] 

 G9. fPARUS CAUDATUS (Linn.), ' Long-tailed Titmouse.' 



70. *rAKUS MAJOR (Linn.), ' Great Titmouse.' 



71. *Parus cceruleus (Linn.), ' Blue Titmouse,' Cliapim. 



These three species are common. 



72. jParus cristatus (Linn.), ' Crested Titmouse.' 



Very rarely seen in Portugal, though undoubtedly it does 

 occur sometimes ; but one would hardly have expected to 

 find at all, at the extreme south of Europe, this hardy little 

 denizen of Scandinavia and Kussia. 



73. jParus ater (Linn.), ' Coal Titmouse.' 



Though scarcely a rare bird, this species does not seem to 

 frequent Portugal as it does some other southern countries of 

 Europe ; perhaps, however, there is a limit to its endurance 

 of heat. 



74. *Motacilla alba (Linn.), * White Wagtail,' Alveloa. 



75. *MoTACiLLA Yarrelli (Gould), ' Pied Wagtail,' -4?t7e/da. 



76. *MoTACiLLA boarula (Lath.), ' Grey Wagtail,' Alveloa 



amarella. 



77. fMoTACiLLA FLAVA (Linn.), ' Grey-headed Yellow Wagtail,' 



Alveloa amarella. 

 These four species are all reported to be common ; while 

 our M. RAYi, though recognised as Portuguese, is considered 

 extremely rare. There is a specimen in the Museum at 

 Coimbra. 



78. *Antiius tratensis (Linn.), * Meadow Pipit,' Petinha. 



79. *Anthus campestris (Bechst.), ' Tawny Pipit,' Petinha. 



These are the common Pipits of Portugal. Of the latter 

 S2')ecies, a specimen which I shot and brought home fairly 

 puzzled Mr. Trirtram for a time, no easy matter in any case ; 

 for it showed so yellow a tint on the lower surface as to 

 resemble none in that gentleman's collection from Spain, 

 Algeria, Greece, and Palestine. Subsequently, however, 

 Mr. Tristram wrote me word that he had 'come to the con- 

 clusion that the bird was in young plumage, a state in whicli 



