70 



OLUPEA. 



CiTviER assigns to a separate genus the species of this family which 

 have the maxillary bones or mystache arched above, and capable of 

 being divided lengthwise into separate pieces, and by the aid of 

 ■which the gape can be considerably modified. From the kindred 

 genus Alosa it is distinguished by the absence of a decided cleft in 

 front of the upper jaw, which is caused by a separation of the 

 intermaxillary bones. From the genus EncrasicJiolus it is separated 

 b)' the projecting snout and long cleft of the mouth of the latter. 



PILCHAKD. 



Harengiis minor, sive Pilchardus, Willotjghby ; p. 223, pi. P. 1. 

 Clupea pilcliardus, Cuviek. Donovan ; pi. 69. 



" " Fleming; Br. Animals, p. 182. 



Jenyns; Manual, p. 436. 

 Yakrell; Br. Fishes, vol. ii, p. 169. 

 " " Tukton's Linnaeus. The Swedish 



naturalist confounded this fish 

 ■svith the Sprat. 



The nicharcl is one of the commonest fishes in the western 

 districts of England and the south of Ireland^ and, as regards 

 numbers, the most abundant in its season; but its range is 

 not extensive, and it is only as a rare wanderer that it is 

 known eastward beyond Devonshire, or on the north beyond 

 the Bristol Channel. But we read of the taking of a consid- 

 erable school in the year 1722, so far up the River Dart as 

 Totness Bridge, whither they had been driven by a herd 

 of Porpoises; and Dale, who wrote a history of Harwich, 

 reports their having been caught on the coast of Essex. Dr. 

 Parnell is also a witness to the occurrence of this fish in the 

 Firth of Forth, and its Scottish name of Garvie Herring is 

 proof of at least its casual occurrence in other parts of that 

 kingdom. 



