100 



Table XVI shows the length of time required for churning, and the percentage 

 of buttor-fut left in the buttermilk, from the throe trials in each case. 



Table XVI. 



The conclusions which were indicated by these churning experiments were : — 



(1) That the cream from the milk of cows, which have been milking for periods ' 

 of from tive to eleven months, should be churned at a temperature of from 66° to 

 70° Fahr., in order to obtain butter in from one hour to three-quarters of one hour. 



(2) That the loss of fat unrecovered from the buttermilk, was practically the 

 same, viz., -33, '26, -23 of 1 per cent of fat, left in the buttermilk, from Groups I, II 

 and III, respectively. 



(3) An examination of the butter showed a decided absence of rosy and delicate 

 flavour in the butter obtained from the milk of cows which had been milking for 

 longer than five months. 



The second series of experiments in the churning of cream was made to determine 

 the effect on the quantity of butter which could be obtained by chui-ning cream at 

 different stages of ripeness or acidity. 



The First Trial was conducted on the 29th August; 120 lb. of cream were 

 taken from 676 lb. of milk. The whole quantity of cream was mixed thoi-oughly, 

 and afterwards divided into two equal lots. One lot was ripened by the addition of 

 fermentation starter, and by being kept at a temperature of 64°; the other lot was 

 cooled to 40° and kept sweet until the following day. Both lots were then divided 

 into equal portions of 30 lb. each; 30 lb. of the sour ripened cream was then 

 mixed with 30 lb. of the sweet cream, leaving three lots for churning, as shown in 

 the following : — 



C 30 lb., sour, in churn No. 1. 

 Lot 1, sour cream -< 



( 30 lb. ■) 



[•mixed, in churn No. 2, 



r 30 lb. 3 

 Lot 2, sweet cream < 



( 30 lb. sweet, in churn No. 3. , 



A Second Trial was made on the 10th September, when 120 lb. of cream were 

 taken from 774 lb. of milk. The whole quantity of cream was treated in the manner 

 which has been described in the first trial. 



