119 



temperature. To intending planters in northern Ontario and Manitoba I would saj, 

 purchase one-year-old root-grafted trees, selecting varieties as hardy or hardier than 

 Duchess, cut them back and set in nursery row, for two years, then sot out in per- 

 manent orchard situation, and train in low bush form. More lasting benefit will 

 be gained from this class of tree than from the much finer looking standards, which 

 may have been forced in nursery. 



NEW VARIETIES. 



Among the many new varieties which are being constantly heralded from 

 different points, it is often diflficnlt to discriminate between the useful and useless. 

 Of the many aspirants for public recognition I think none more worthy than 

 that known as " McMahon's White." The fruit of thia was exhibited at the last 

 meeting of the American Pomological Society in Washington, grown both in Wis- 

 consin and Minnesota. A large oblong waxy yellow apple, with a light blush on 

 one side, flesh white, juicy and of fair quality. A dozen trees of this on the experi- 

 mental farm are among the most vigorous and healthy in orchard. Mr. A. L. Hatch, 

 of Ithaca, Wisconsin, writes me as follows: "A seedling from Alexander introduced 

 here about 20 years ago, and is proving more valuable than any other. It will grow 

 and bear apples ' next year ' when other varieties are tired out. I had 80 ban-els 

 of it this year — sold higher in Chicago and St. Paul than any other of its season." 



STANDARD VARIETIES ADDED, 1891. 



Arkansas. Kinnaird's Seedling. 



do Black. Lankford do 



do Beauty. Mason's Orange. 



Crawford. Nero. 



Clayton. Osceola. 



Cotfelt Beauty. Eainbow. 



CuUin's Keeper. Eebel, 



Dickinson, Shackelford. 



Dr. Walker. Spencer. 



Early Colton. Stuart's Golden. 



Family Favourite, York Imperial. 



Huntsman . North Star. 



Ivanhoe. Gauo. 



As the majority of the varieties mentioned above are from points considerably 

 to the south of Ottawa, it is not expected that they will in all cases prove hardy, 

 but opportunities are not wanting whereby their usefulness for southern Ontario 

 can be detei'mined. 



In the accompanying tabular statement a classification of varieties now in the 

 standard orchard is made on the basis of relative immunity from injury, during the 

 ■wintei- of 1890-91. Those in column 2 "slightly injured," lost in most cases only a 

 few inches of the terminal growth. In column 3 the injury was more severe, and 

 was often accompanied by sun-scald and stem injury. In column 4 will be found 

 varieties which seem to have died from unadaptability to soil and climate — the latter 

 particularly — and which in this and similiar localities should only be tried as top- 

 grafts in a limited way, if at all. 



