L37 



with an edging knife, or sharp spade. In small plantations it will be found more 

 convenient to use a spade than a plough in turning under the old plants j where 

 larger, a plough will be found to be more economical. 



Easpberries. 



{Propagated from Suckers.) 



" With a view to test the advantage as well as cost of protecting during the winter 

 by laying down and covering with sufficient earth to hold them in position, half of 

 the plants of each variety were pruned and treated in this manner. The relative 

 returns from the two sections will be carefully noted next year." (Eeportfor 1890.) 



RESULTS. 



1. The first effect was to hasten the ripening of varieties so treated from five to 

 eight days. 



2. VVith such hardy varieties as Turner and Hansel, the increased product and 

 earliness did not more than repay the cost of such protection. 



3. With varieties of the grade of hardiness of Cuthbert, Marlboro', Herstine, 

 Heebner and Golden Queen, pi-oductiveness was increased 16 to 22 per cent. This, 

 "with the advantage of increased earliness, much more than repaid the cost of 

 protecting. 



4. It is fair to conclude that in this and similar latitudes, suckering raspberries 

 of nearly all varieties are left unprotected at an actual loss to the owner. 



YIELD OF VARIETIES. 



Standard Eed sorts yielded in the following order : Cuthbert, Hansel, Turner^ 

 Marlboro', Heebner, Reider, Clark, Hudson River Antwerp, Rancocas. 



Black Caps — rooting from the tips — Shaffer, Hillborn, Gregg, Mammoth Cluster, 

 Souhegan, were productive in the order named and may be considered valuable in 

 the same order. 



Yelloiv. — Golden Queen — Is the best yellow berry for market and home use. 



Brinckle's Orange, on account of its exceptionally fine quality, should be grown 

 in a limited way for home consumption. 



SEEDLINGS AND HYBRIDS. 



With the experience of the past three years as a guide, a new trial plantation 

 has been made by selecting the most promising, from the oi'iginal large collection of 

 seedling and hybrid raspberries, also the best of the named varieties of raspberries 

 and blackberries. 



The transplanting was done in October, after which a furrow was thrown up on 

 each side of the rows, and the whole surface of the ground liberally manured. In 

 this plot there are now 105 varieties of selected seedlings and hybrids; 35 named 

 varieties of Black and Eed Caps, and 20 kinds of blackberries. As a rule, there are 

 100 plants of all named sorts, and a quarter that number of the seedlings and hybrids. 



Blackberries. 



Paying results were obtained by laying down all varieties of blackberries in the 

 fall of 1890. In order to accomplish this successfully the canes should not be pinched, 

 before they have attained a height of from 3 to 3^ feet. Care must be taken in 

 bending the canes down to loosen the soil at the side of the root to which the plant 

 is inclined, thus preventing the cane from snapping off at the base. As noted last 

 year, Agavjam, Snyder, Stone's Hardy and Western Triumph, with the addition of 

 Nevada, which did exceptionally well the past season, can be recommended with 

 confidence. 



