288 Seventeenth Annual Report of the 



disease causes more financial loss to the stockowner than does any 

 other one contagious affection, not excepting the dreaded and fatal 

 rinderpest. In England, the average loss in cattle from loss of 

 weight, and product, and arrest of growth, fattening, etc., has been 

 set at $10 per head. In America, in dairy cows, with higher 

 prices, it has reached $25 per head. At the lower average, our 

 dairy cows in New York would represent $17,000,000, without 

 counting growing and feeding stock, sheep, and swine. Cases 

 officially reported in Europe, though kept in check by veterinary 

 sanitary police measures, have been as follows: Germany (1888- 

 1890), 6,929,940; Austria (1889-1890), 662,470; Belgium 

 (1888-1890), 5,837; Hungary (1889-1892), 1,132,775 cattle, 

 494,533 sheep, 434,977 swine, the money loss reaching $12,000,- 

 000 (Hntyra). ' For the continent in the same length .of time 

 Schneidemuhl states the loss at $25,000,000. England lost 

 $5,000,000 in 1883, France $7,000,000 in 1871, and Switzerland 

 $2,000,000 annually. 



4 



FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN MAN 



Valentin states that during the outbreak in Hesse in 1695 men 

 suffered from inflammation of the mouth and gums and tongue, 

 Michel Sagar says that in 1764, men who drank the milk of the 

 affected cows suffered with aphtha. Cases were reported at Lyons 

 in 1811 (Bredin), and Plane in 1833 (Lehnbard) ; in Bohemia 

 (Nadbcrny), in Styria (LeTvitsky) and Wurtemberg in 1828 

 (Kolb) ; in Berlin in 1834 (Hertwig) ; in Italy in 1852 (Barioli), 

 in 1869 (Bassi). Hildebrandt produced cases experimentally by 

 feeding the milk and by inoculation. Epidemics are recorded in 

 Belgium (Hnlin) and Lyons (Chauveau). Cases- in man were 

 early noted in England, by Bates, the celebrated short horn 

 breeder, Balfour, Watson, Karkeek, Allbut and many others. The 

 Dover epidemic of 1884 attacked 205 persons using milk from the 

 affected dairies. 



In spite of an exceptional prevalence! in man so widespread as 

 to be called epidemic, the human being is much less susceptible 

 than are cattle and swine. The two latter almost inevitably con- 

 tract the affection at every exposure, unless they have been tem- 

 porarily immunized by a receipt attack, whereas, of the many per- 



