294 Seventeenth Annual Report of the 



pressure, transient constipation, followed by diarrhoea often pro- 

 fuse and even dysenteric, and. bleeding from the nose when it 

 is pressed or blown. Infants that have fed exclusively on milk, 

 adults who have drunk freely of milk, weak and debilitated sub- 

 jects, may perish. Bleeding may even lake place from the gums, 

 throat, nose, bowels or kidneys, as in scurvy; but there is an entire 

 absence of the obvious cause of this last disease, and the chronic 

 feature of that affection is equally wanting. 



In the severe cases there is also more nervous disorder, pro- 

 found apathy or lethargy, amounting even to unconsciousness for 

 short intervals, and it may be spasms or epileptiform convulsions. 



Diagnosis may be assisted by a knowledge of the prevalence of 

 the disease in animals in the district, or by the fact that the suf- 

 ferers have consumed infected milk or fresh meat, or have handled 

 the live animals or affected carcasses. Butter, cheese and other 

 dairy products, preserved for a length of time or shipped to a 

 distance from the seat of animal infection, are more difficult to 

 trace and such record cannot often he used. In such cases the 

 localization of the eruption on the mouth, throat, nose and around 

 the nails becomes very suggestive, the abdominal tenderness and 

 stomach and bowel disorder, the acute nature of the disease and 

 rapid and complete recovery in 10 or 15 days are. characteristic. 

 Smallpox is distinguished by its preliminary hard nodule, its 

 indisposition to attack the mouth, stomach and bowels, to cause 

 bleeding from the nose or other parts, and by its vesicles being 

 many chambered. In cases of doubt an inoculation test on calves 

 can be tried. Tlfris is equally useful in cases complicated with 

 measles, rotheln, scarlatina, smallpox, cowpox, and other eruptive 

 fevers of man; also, in scurvy -or in cases in which there is no suf- 

 ficient history to determine the nature of the affection. The 

 virulence appears to be lessened by passing the germ through the 

 human system so that inoculation of the calf is apt to fail. 

 Schantyr, however, obtained unquestionably aphthous fever in the 

 calf by inoculation from man. 



PREVENTION IN MAN 



In a country which sufficiently provides against the importation 

 of the infection and the contamination of its flocks and herds, 

 there is virtually no call for further measures for (he protection 



