Commissioner of Agriculture. 243 



may cease entirely. The glands (submaxillary) on the inner 

 side about midway pf the lower jaw are hard and appear fixed 

 to the bone. The nasal discharge may change its color and be 

 streaked with blood. Ulcers are seldom found on the Schnei- 

 derian (nasal) mucous membrane, yet quite frequently cicatrices 

 of old ulcers are found. 



The predisposition of man to glanders is not very great, yet 

 there are several well authenticated cases recorded. 



Several veterinarians have been inoculated, and only a few 

 years ago a man upon Long Island, who posed as a veterinarian 

 dentist, contracted glanders and died from the result of it. 



When the symptoms are not well defined mallein is used to aid 

 diagnosis. In an outbreak where there is one or more well 

 defined cases all horses that have been exposed for a few months 

 succeeding the outbreak are submitted to the mallein test. 



Mallein is a preparation made from the bacilli of glanders 

 ibaccillus malleus) and was first manufactured by Kalning and 

 Hellmann, 1891. It is analogous to Koch's tuberculin. The 

 temperature of the animals that are to be tested are taken prior 

 to injection of the mallein (initial temperature). Two cubic 

 centimeters of mallein, as prepared by the New York State 

 Veterinary College, is used for the average horse. Eight to 

 10 hours after the injection the temperature is taken every two 

 hours for 12 consecutive hours thereafter; if there hag been no 

 rise of temperature the animal may be considered free from 

 disease. If there has been an elevation of temperature 2.3 

 degrees above the initial temperature, and there is a large,, 

 hot, hard and painful swelling at the seat of inoculation, 

 with constitutional disturbance, manifested by depression 

 of spirits, debility, loss of appetite, blowing and muscular 

 stiffness, especially of the fore extremity on the side of 

 inoculation, the animal should be condemned. In case the tem- 

 perature rises and remains elevated we should continue taking 

 temperatures for at least 24 hours after injection, and in tin- 

 event that it is still far from normal the animal should be quar- 

 antined as suspicious and re-tested not earlier than one month 



