MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 133 



hard to trace them for any distance. As one proceeds westward there is a 

 series of moraines to the south of the highland, which trend ahnost east and 

 west, nearly parallel with its southern l^order, which are stronger than the 

 one mentioned above. 



(4) The series of terraces lying along the north side of the highland ex- 

 tends westward to the valley of the Sturgeon river, where the highland 

 practically ends, and from thence westward they are replaced by a heavy 

 moraine with terraces on the north side, which apparently is continuous 

 with the moraines lying against the Copper Range, forming the back-bone of 

 the Keweenaw Peninsula. The till in this dej^osit is red, clayey, with num- 

 erous red sandstone fragments, etc., while that of the lower ridges on the 

 south side of it, is gray and sandy with an abundance of slates and some little 

 granite. 



(5) The glacial drainage is well marked and significant. The main lines 

 of drainage when the ice was at its highest, after the highland became bare, 

 were southward across the highland, through the rock valleys in which the 

 Peshekeme river and its tributaries now run, and then east along the edge 

 of the highland, and then southeast. The best defined of the channels for 

 this position of the ice, was one which ran in the shallow valley now occu- 

 pied by the west branch of the Escanaba river, but at earlier stages the 

 water seems to have been forced against the cliffs much farther east, and 

 may have flowed even as far as Negaunee before finding an outlet to the 

 south. 



A second line of drainage at this time, or a little later, was in the valley 

 now occupied by the head-waters of the Sturgeon, near Nestoria, There 

 was a strong stream from this outlet, following the edge of the highland 

 eastward for several miles, which formed a sand-plain of considerable size 

 at Three Lakes, and then probably at one time entered the Michigamme basin, 

 and later, flowed to the southwest of it. The Peshemeke gravel plain is very 

 extensive and contains great quantities of sandstone pebbles, which get 

 n:ore numerous and larger to the northward. There is no divide between 

 the waters of the present stream flowing into Lake Michigamme and south- 

 ward, and the headwaters of the Escanaba, which follow the glacial drainage 

 lines to the southeast, and there are channels in the plain which permit the 

 Peshekeme by a rise of four feet to flow into the Escanaba. 



(6) In this whole region west and southwest of Ishpeming, there is a strong 

 slope of the land southward, despite the southeasterly flow of the streams, 

 which lie almost wholly in sand valleys. 



(7) There are some good examples of boulders deposited to the northward 

 of the known outcroi:)s of the same kind of rock, but granite is the prevail- 

 ing boulder material and is most widely distributed in the entire region as 

 the bedrock. 



(8) The striae from Ishpeming west are chiefly north 75° east, and near 

 Clarksburg, seven miles west of Ispheming, is a fine example of knoB-and- 

 train structure in the form of a rock hill, which is l^are on the west side, but 

 has a till ridge extending out for several hundred feet on the northeast side, 

 the axis of which lies N. 75° E. 



(9) In the vicinity of Ishpeming and Negamiee there are a number of 

 small valley moraines with independent outwash plains on the south sides. 

 The glaciation, as represented by strite and rock erosion, is light in this vi- 

 cinity, as in other places. 



(10) In the extensive sand-plain which lies along the valley of the Esca- 

 naba river fifteen miles southwest of Ishpeming, there is an exceedingly 



