252 Kepoet of Farmers' Institutes 



ill jury " is produced by young caterpillars hatching from eggs 

 laid by moths developing from overwintered apple worms or 

 larvae, and as these begin feeding on the camparatively unpro^ 

 tected growing surface of the fruit, the probability of destroying 

 them at the outset and before they have inflicted this blemish, is 

 not good. A summary of all the plots shows a reduction in " side 

 injury " of only a little over 1 per cent as a result of the second 

 spraying for the codling moth. It is obvious from the aboye that 

 the condition of the fruit, especially in sections where there may 

 be considerable " side injury," depends to an appreciable extent 

 upon the work of the preceding year. There are orchards in the 

 western fruit section, and one of our experimental orchards be- 

 longs in this class, which are comparatively free from codling 

 moth, the total infestation being approximately 5 per cent or 

 less and, in the case of the check trees of this experimental orchard, 

 amounting to only 6.36 per cent. It is noteworthy that this com- 

 parative freedom occurs in sections where the codling moth is 

 known to be abundant, and also in orchards habitually sprayed but 

 once for the pest. There is this in common for the trees nearly 

 free from codling moth injuiy, and that is they have been sprayed 

 annually whether in fruit or not and it is more than probable 

 that the treatment was thorough. Our conclusions may be briefly 

 summarized as follows: 



The first spraying for the codling moth, the treatment just 

 after blossoming, is by far the most efl^ective method in con- 

 trolling the pest. 



The presence of abundant " side injury " is a most potent 

 argument for thorough, annual sprayings for the codling moth 

 whether the. trees be fruitinc; or not. This mav not be necessary 

 where " side injury " is not serious ; as, for example, in the Hud- 

 son Valley. 



The second spraying for the codling moth would probably be 

 more effective in reducing " side injury " if it were made the 

 latter part of June, though so far as checking this pest is con- 

 cerned, it does not seem to be essential. In the case of orchards 

 badly infested last year, another late spraying may be advisable 

 between the fifth and tenth of July, something depending on 

 seasonal conditions. 



