Proceedings of Seventeenth Normal Institute 253 



Both the usual second and third sprayings for the codling moth, 

 even if they have comparatively little influence in reducing the 

 luimhers of this pest, are abundantly justified in localities where 

 scab is more or less prevalent; assuming, of course, that a fungi- 

 cide is universally added to the poisoned spray. 



APPLE maggot 



The apple maggot is becoming locally abundant in some sec- 

 tions and there is now a keen interest in methods of controlling 

 this pest. Its work is easily recognized by the irregular, brown, 

 sometimes rotting channels in the flesh or pulp of the fruit. The 

 insect displays a marked preference for the late summer and 

 early fall varieties, though it also attacks winter apples. The 

 evidence at hand indicates it to be a somewhat local form, and 

 while there may be some disagreement as to the best method of 

 controlling this pest, there is little question but what material 

 benefit may be secured by the collection and destruction, by feed- 

 ing or otherwise, of the late summer and early fall varieties twice 

 a week, and of the fall and winter varieties once a week. The 

 object of this procedure is to destroy the maggots before they 

 have had an opportunity of escaping from the fruit and entering 

 the soil, where they pass the winter within a few inches of the sur- 

 face. Thorough cultivation is doubtless of value, since it pro- 

 duces conditions more or less unfavorable to hibernation. 



SAN JOSE SCALE 



San Jose scale has been less abundant in some orchards than 

 in earlier years, and examinations in several infested and un- 

 sprayed orchards in the town of Schodack show a decrease in 

 the infestation compared with that of two years ago. The re- 

 duction is probably attributable in large measure to the activities 

 of various small parasites. The condition of most of these in- 

 fested trees, however, is not entirely satisfactory, and although 

 the damage resulting from scale infestation in such localities 

 is much less than that of earlier years, we do not consider that 

 conditions justify the abandonment of the doiTnant application 

 for the control of this pest. Aside from the check upon San Jose 

 scale, it is our opinion that incidental benefits resulting from the 

 treatment more than meet the cost of the application. 



