280 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



Labor. — One year man, one 2 months = 2.2 men. Thirty -nine acres crops 

 per man. Eighteen animal units per man. Twenty-one acres crops per horse 

 — 4 horses. 



XoTES. — Land value $100. Typical of valley farms. Short growing season, 

 abundant rain. Level valley land well drained and fertile, especially adapted 

 to cabbage. More than half farm is steep hillside pasture and woods. Crops 

 on some of lower hillside in spite of steepness, because of need of crop land. 

 Near railroad, milk station and cabbage storage house. Milk price about 

 3 cents per quart. Cows and young cattle, pure-bred Holsteins — enough for 

 pasture. Enough silage for cows, rest of crop land in rotation that includes 

 all cabbage can handle. Rotation : silage on sod, cabbage and potatoes second 

 year, oats and factory peas third year, hay down 2 to 3 years. Organization as 

 good as conditions permit. More crop land would improve diversity and labor 

 efficiency, but it can not be secured. All farms lack crop land, there. Buying 

 another farm would not solve this problem. Good cabbage prices made labor 

 income higher than usual. This year (1915) with cabbage sold at $4 the 

 labor income is $2,988. 



1913 Record. Chemuxg County, N. Y., Farm 

 Labor Income $2,453 



Size of business. — One hiuidred six and five-tenths acres in crops: 13 to- 

 bacco, 20 silage, 0.5 potatoes, 20 oats, 50 hay. Fifty acres pasture. Nineteen 

 cows, 11 young cattle. 



Diversity. — Forty-four per cent of receipts from, crops. Three important 

 receipts: milk $2,626, tobacco $2,338, cattle $486. Three and four-tenths 

 acres of crops per animal unit. 



Production. — Crop yields: tobacco 1,798 pounds, silage 7, potatoes 120, 

 oats 47, hay 1.5, apples 0. One hundred and thirty -eight dollars receipts per 

 cow. 



Labor. — One year man, one 6 months, day help 230:^3.3 men. Thirty-two 

 acres of crops per man. Ten animal units per man. Nineteen acres of crops 

 per horse — • 5.5 horses. 



Notes. — Land value about $120. Conditions much same as preceding farm 

 except that longer growing season makes tobacco raising profitable. Two 

 miles to station. Milk price 3.5 cents per quart. Valley farm with consider- 

 able pasture. Enough cows, partly pure-bred, and young cattle to use pas- 

 ture. Enough silage and hay for stock then oats enough for rotation of silage, 

 oats, hay 2 to 3 years. Rest of land in tobacco. Tobacco on same land for 

 several years, then changed. A well organized business. 



1912 Record. Tompkins County, N. Y., General Farm 

 Labor Income $3,321 



Size of business. — Two hundred and forty-six acres in crops: 9 silage, 24 

 potatoes, 44 beans, 47 oats, 12 wheat, 110 hay. Twenty-six acres pasture, 

 including 8 in woods. Twelve and five-tenths cows, 16 young cattle. 



Diversity. — Seventy-three per cent of receipts from crops. Five important 

 receipts: potatoes $2,250, beans $2,000, milk $1,300, hay $1,110, cattle $670. 

 Eight and two-tenths acres of crops per animal unit. 



