Proceedings of Seventeenth ISTormal Institute 281 



Production. — Crop yields: potatoes 250, hay 1.4, beans 24, oats 43, wheat 

 25. One hundred and four dollars receipts per cow from milk. 



Labor. — One year man, one 10 months, one 8 months, day help = 3.8 men. 

 Sixty-five acres crops per man. Seven and nine-tenths animal units per man. 

 Twenty -three acres crops per horse — 7.5 horses. 



Notes.— Land value about $80. Small proportion of land in pasture. Good 

 potato and bean conditions. Five miles to railroad and hiilk station. Milk 

 prices about 2.8 cents per quart. A few more cattle, pure-bred Holstein, than 

 pasture would carry but not enough to require regular use of crop land for 

 pasturing nor soiling which would not be justifiable, with milk price so low 

 and a 15-cent hauling charge per can. Crop and stock balance not best but 

 probably most profitable under conditions. Roughage worked down eventually. 

 Marketing potatoes, hay and beans over 5 miles of dirt road furnished plenty 

 of winter work for men and teams. Fertilizer used freely. Crop yields 

 increasing. Excellent organization, everything considered. Labor income 

 ranges from $3,000 to $5,000. 



1911 Record. Tompkins Cotjnty, N. Y., Farm 

 Labor Income $3,782 



Size of business. — One hundred and eight acres in crops: 2 corn, 24 silage, 

 1 potatoes, 2 mangels, 15 oats and barley, 9 wheat, 11 alfalfa, 35 hay, 4 

 sorghum, 4 apples, 0.5 peaches. Thirty-seven acres pastured, including 15 

 in woods. Twenty-nine and five-tenths cows, 18 young cattle. 



Diversity. — Six "per cent receijits from crops. Two important products: 

 milk retailed $5,936, cattle $1,758. Two and three-tenths acres crops per 

 animal unit 



Production. — Crop yields: silage 10.4, oats and barley 23, wheat 30, hay 

 0.7, alfalfa 4, apples 25. Two hundred and two dollars receipts per cow at 

 retail prices, at wholesale prices would be $76 per cow. 



Labor. — Two year men, one 9 months, day help 10, son 1 year = 4.8 men. 

 Twenty-three acres crops per man. Nine and eight-tenths animal units per 

 man. Fifteen acres crops per horse — 7 horses. 



Notes. — -Land value $100. Located 1.5 miles frojn city of 15,000 population 

 making retail milk business practicable. Son did retailing. Pure-bred Hol- 

 steins kept. The business had good size. Higher prices for milk, 7 and 8 

 cents per quart, and profit on pure-bred stock justified keeping more stock 

 than pasture would carry. Silage fed through summer. Crop land devoted 

 primarily to feeding stock. Though crop receipts were low, diversity was not 

 entirely lacking. Milk production, milk retailing and raising pure-bred cattle 

 gave some diversity. INIore crop land was needed, however, to keep labor bettei- 

 employed and to make more efficient use of manure. Low yields were due to 

 extremely dry season. They are high usually. Since this record was taken 

 an adjoining farm of about 100 acres has been purchased.' An extra man for 

 8 months and 1 team have handled the additional land. Labor efficiency has 

 been improved, more pasture is available and hay and wheat are sold. 



