Proceedings of Seventeenth XoraiAL IxXstitute 119 



organizations among farmers, and this bulletin gives a little idea 

 of the scope and extent of these organizations. They include 

 2,013 associations, creameries and telephone companies leading 

 with GOO or more of each, with elevators, fire insurance com- 

 panies, stores, stock shipping associations, cattle- and horse-breed- 

 ing associations, cheese factories, potato warehouses and cow- 

 testing associations following, with from 270 to 11 members, and 

 several other organizations with fewer units. It is estimated that 

 these associations do more than a $00,000,000 business. 



miscellaneous 



Comparative cooVing qualities of apples (Oreg. 124). This 

 most interesting series of studies is one of the first of its kind to 

 be made scientifically, and Ijrings out some striking variations in 

 the adaptability of various apples for special purposes. About 

 seventy varieties were included in the tests, of which compara- 

 tively few were found especially good for sauce ; more were good 

 for jelly and many more for pies. Contrary to common opinion 

 good dessert quality and good sauce making quality were not 

 closely correlated, though the relationship was much closer than 

 between dessert quality and adaptability for jelly making. 

 Among the best apples for sauce were Rambo, Tompkins King, 

 Grimes, Ortley, Wagener, jSTorthern Spy and Yellow Bellflower; 

 among those best for pies Northern Spy, Bottle Greening, Moun- 

 tain Sweet, Rambo, Bethlehemite, Beitigheimer, Maiden Blush, 

 Ribston Pippin and McMahon; those scoring highest for jelly 

 making, Scott, Lawver, Twenty Ounce, Maiden Blush and Melon ; 

 and for dumplings Fameuse, Maiden Blush, Minkler, Grimes, 

 Northern Spy, Red Canada, Tompkins King and Scott. Physio- 

 logical studies, which are illustrated, were made in connection 

 with the cooking tests. 



Proso and haoliang as table foods (S. Dak. 158). This large- 

 seeded millet and grain sorghum are excellent drought-resisting 

 crops, and have a place in the north where maize often fails. 

 Both have shown value .as stock foods ; and this bulletin proves 

 that they may also be added, with advantage, to the list of human 

 foods used in America. Many recipes are given for preparation 

 of both. 



