306 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



Mrs. Morgan emp^hasized the need for the women to stand for 

 culture. She stated that many letters come to her yearly from the 

 women of the state asking what they can do to give their daughters 

 culture. She suggested that the women speakers of the institute 

 be not afraid of expressing egotism. 



At the afternoon session a mock institute was held, Mrs. 

 Harring-ton presiding. Those present discussed various questions 

 on the question sheqt. It was decided to appoint a committee for 

 revising these sheets ; D'r. Heaton and Mrs. Phelps were ap- 

 pointed. 



Miss Knowlton of the Home Economics Department of the New 

 York State College of Agriculture discussed the subject of how to 

 present ventilation. She emphasized the necessity for simplicity 

 in presenting those conditions with which they are familiar and 

 simple means for remedying poor ventilation. She gave suggesr 

 tions for avoiding drafts and emphasized the necessity for 

 making people comfortable in cold weather by the use of warm 

 beds, light covers and warm night clothes. She recommended 

 that a drmn be used on the stove pipe to utilize the waste heat 

 from the stove below. Satisfactory drams can be purchased for 

 from $3.00 to $5.00. 



Comparative costs of heating ventilated and unventilated 

 rooms were discussed, also the relative costs of heating a ventilated 

 house, and- the' doctors' bills often accruing from unventilated 

 houses. Emphasis should also be placed on the ventilation of 

 grange halls, churches and schools. A health league may be 

 formed among the women in the rural communities to' create 

 interest for better ventilation. 



Dr. Heaton discussed the subject of ventilation, giving -as her 

 definition of fresh air that it was clean air in motion. In" order 

 to have the' necessary warmtli in a country house during the win- 

 ter she advised that a double window bo used, the outer one be- 

 ing, hinged at the toj) so that it can be readily opened from the 

 bottom. A flue for the intake of fresh air from without is easily 

 utilized. A fireplace is a splendid means of ventilation pro- 

 vided there is a fire or even a burning lamp therein. 



Di'. Santee cited the case of a school which boarded up the 

 mtake that supplied the fresh air to the schoolhouse. For one 

 and onei-half years sickness prevailed among the school children. 



